L4 Central Dogma Flashcards
What is the central Dogma of biology
It is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and then to proteins.
how does DNA carry information for proteins?
DNA carries information in the form of nucleotide sequences .Ho
How does proteins carry infromation?
In the form of amino acids.
Key differences between Ribose and Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Ribose: Sigle stranded, uracil pairs with adenine
Deoxyribose: Double-stranded, Thymin paids with adenine.
Types of RNA
mRNA: information coding for a single protein, able to exit the nucleus and relay information stored in nucleotides.
rRNA: role in translation, involved in the composition of the ribosome.
Codon
Composed of 3 nucleotide bases
Start codon: AUG
Termination codon: UAA, UAG, UGA
mRNA structure compononents
Promoter, coding region and termination sequence.
Stages of Transcription
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What occurs during initiation during transcription:
Unwinding of DNA to allow binding of TF to promoter, which facilitates the recruiting of RNA poly to initiate transcription.
What occurs during elongation during transcription:
TF factors dissociate, and .RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA complementary to the DNA sequence, pairing Uracil with the adenine on the DNA template. Synthesis of RNA is from the 5’ to 3’ end.
What occurs during termination during transcription:
RNA poly reaches a specific sequence on mRNA called the transcription termination sequence. No additional nucleotides are added to RNA at the transcription termination sequence.
Sites of the ribosome
E, P,A site
What is the function of a tRNA
Serves as an adaptor molecule that recognises that carries an amino acid which matches respective amino acids in place on the ribosome, based on complementary pairing.
what is the coding strand
Is the strand that is DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the mRNA synthesized from the template strand.
What is the template strand
Is it the DNA strand whose base nucleotide sequence is used to synthesize mRNA based on complementary base pairing.
what happens if there is errors in DNA transcription/translation
Lead to altered protein function and genetic disease as proteins becomes non-functional and cause mutations like increased growth and division which can cause cancerous cells to arise.
Role of RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase sysnthesizes mRNA based on complementary base pairing to the DNA template strand.
