L4: Arteritis, atherosclerosis & diseases of arteries Flashcards
What is the definition of arteritis?
- Inflammation of arteries
What are the types of arteritis?
1- Infective
2- Non-infective
What causes infective arteritis?
- due to microorganisms e.g. (staph aureus). It may be:
Acute as in arteries passing in area of acute inflammation or,Chronic as in arteries passing in area of chronic inflammation (endarteritis obliterans).
What are the types of non-infective arteritis?
- Polyarteritis nodosa.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Thromboangitis obliterans.
- Giant cell arteritis.
What is non infective arteritis mediated by?
- These inflammatory and often necrotizing vascular lesions are usually mediated by immune mechanism (immune complex deposition).
“Type III hypersensitivity reaction”
What is the definition of polyarteritis nodosa?
- It is a necrotizing inflammation of small and medium sized arteries caused by immune complex hypersensitivity reaction. It is marked by destruction of arterial media and internal elastic lamina resulting in aneurysmal nodules.
- Mostly affects kidney, heart, GIT, CNS and musculoskeletal vessels. “Biopsy is taken for diagnosis”
What are the complications of polyarteritis nodosa?
- Ischemia: It may be chronic due to fibrosis or acute due to thrombosis.
- Rupture due to fibrinoid necrosis leading to heamorrhage. “Acute”
- Aneurysms due to weak fibrosed media. “Chronic”
What is the definition of systemic lupus erythrematous?
- Multi-system disease, type III hypersensitivity (immune complex).
“Mainly affects females in middle age”
What are the affected blood vessels in SLE?
- Small arteries, arterioles or even venules are affected nearly all-over the body.
What is the fate of SLE?
- Death is usually due to:
1. Hypertension
2. Renal failure
What is giant cell arteritis? (Temporal arteritis)
- It seen in medium to large sized arteries with granuloma formation.
“Mainly affects males, especially in temporal artery”
What is Thromboangitis obliterans? (Buerger’s disease)
- It is an acute inflammation (followed by chronic) involving small to medium-sized arteries of the extremities extending to adjacent vein and nerve.
What is the cause of Thromboangitis obliterans?
- Hypersensitivity to tobacco products with hereditary predisposition.
“More in Jewish”
What are The complications of Thromboangitis obliterans?
- Ischemia which may lead to intermittent claudication (chronic ischemia) and gangrene (acute ischemia).
“Pain after walking for some time”
What is the definition of atherosclerosis?
- Chronic degenerative disease characterized by formation of intimal fibro- fatty plaques