L3.Immunohema - History Flashcards
In Roman times, the blood of slain gladiators and bulls became a popular drink among warriors.
1 AD
Anglo-Saxon and Druids used leeches for blood letting.
900
First transfusion; Pope Innocence VII
1492
William Harvey demonstrated that blood circulates through the body
1628
Sir Christopher Wren took time out from designing cathedrals to inject some fluids into the circulation of animals, using equipment developed by William Harvey
1657
The first transfusion experiments were carried out between dogs
1665
The blood of a sheep was transfused into a 15 year old boy
1667
Transfusions from animals to humans was found to be unsuccessful and was outlawed by the Paris
Society of Physicians
1678
James Blundell conducted transfusions in cases of hemorrhages after childbirth and decreed that species lines should not be crossed
1818
Samuel Armstrong Lane with consultant Dr. James Blundell, performed the first successful blood transfusion to treat hemophilia
1840
English surgeon, Joseph Lister, used antiseptics to control infection during blood transfusion
1867
Braxton Hicks recommended the used of sodium phosphate for blood preservation
1869
Dr Karl Landersteiner a leading doctor in Vienna discovered the A, B and O groups
1901
The fourth main blood type, AB, was found by Decastrello and Sturli
1902
Hektoen demonstrated the used of crossmatching before blood transfusion
Reuben Ottenberg performed blood typing and crossmatching between donor and patient blood units before transfusion and recognized the universal utility of group O donors
1907
Alexis Carrel devised a way to prevent blood clotting during transfusion by joining the vein of the donor to the artery of the patient by surgical sutures but was deemed not feasible
Paved way to the discovery of organ transplantation which he received a Nobel Prize on 1912
1908
Lee recognized all groups as possible donors for type AB patients
1912
Hustin used sodium citrate and glucose as diluents and anticoagulants during blood transfusion; blood preservation in bottles
1914
Richard Lewisohn, documented to have used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant and determined the minimum amount of sodium citrate to be used during blood transfusion
1915
Frances Peyton Rous and Jr Turner introduced the use of citrate dextrose for blood preservation Richard Weil demonstrated the feasibility of refrigeration to store blood Oswald Robertson was credited to be the creator of blood depots
1916
Two major advances took place out of need to relieve the pressure caused by trying to save lives during the Great War. The first was the discovery that blood could be prevented from clotting once it’s removed from the body by mixing it with sodium citrate. They also discover that blood can last a bit longer if it’s put in a fridge
1914-1918
The British Red Cross members all decided to give blood at Kings College Hospital, London, and the first voluntary blood service was born
1921
British Red Cross instituted the first transfusion service in the world
1926
Dr Lucy Bryce founded the first Australian blood bank. The Victorian Red Cross provided the first transfusion service in Australia. The first blood bank was at the Royal Melbourne Hospital
1929
Bagdasorov introduced blood preservation for 21 days at 4 degree celsius
1932
The Americans opened the world’s first blood bank at Cook County Hospital, Chicago
1936
The British opened their first blood bank in Ipswich
1937
After the outbreak of war, four large civilian centres were set up near London and at an army centre near Bristol
1938
Due to the war a greater need for blood was required. The emergency medical services and the army set up eight regional transfusion centres. Thousands of civilians donated blood, saving the lives of many servicemen and civilians
1940
The Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service supplied blood for troops and civilians during World War II.
1939 - 1945
Separation (fractionation) of blood was developed
1941
J.F Loutit and Patrick Mollison introduced ACD as a blood preservative
1943
Levine, Stetson, Landsteiner and Weiner made observations that laid the foundation of our knowledge about the remaining major blood group - the Rhesus (RH) system. Once a reliable test for Rhesus grouping had been established, transfusion reactions became rare.
1939 - 1943
Coombs, Mourant and Race introduced Antihuman Globulin Reagent to identify incomplete antibodies
1945
Screening of blood for syphilis commenced in Canada.
The use of glycerol as cryprotectant was introduced
Carl Walter and W.P Murphy introduced the used of platic bags for blood storage and preservation
1950
The blood product Cryoprecipitate was developed for people suffering from haemophilia
1954
Products made from blood plasma were developed to treat diseases such as chicken pox
1954 - 1958
The Commonwealth Serum Laboratory began to fractionate blood in large quantities
1955
Gibson introduced CPD
1957
S. Murphy and F. Gardner demonstrated the feasibility of storing platelets at room temperature
1969
Screening of blood for Hepatitis B commenced in Canada
1970
HLA tissue typing commenced at blood banks for organ transplant
1970
Apheresis procedure was introduced
1972
CPDA-1 was introduced
1979
Screening of blood for HIV commenced in Canada
1985
Screening of blood for Hepatitis C commenced in Canada
1990
Screening of blood for HTLV1 commenced in Canada
1993
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV and Hepatitis C commenced in Canada
2000
West Nile virus identified as transfusion transmissible.
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for HIV and HCV was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration
2002
First-ever National Blood Foundation forum unites leaders in blood banking and transfusion medicine
FDA issues final guidance regarding “Revised Recommendations for the Assessment of Donor Suitability and Blood and Blood Product Safety in Cases of Known or Suspected West Nile Virus Infection
First West Nile Virus-positive unit of blood intercepted.
Guidance on Implementation of New Bacteria Reduction and Detection Standard issued.
2003
AABB receives $2.4 Million CDC grant to reduce transfusion-transmitted HIV in Africa and South America
2004
FDA clears apheresis platelets collected with certain systems for routine storage and patient transfusion up to 7 days when tested with a microbial detection system release test.
FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research publishes compliance program guidance for inspection of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps).
AABB founding member Tibor Greenwalt dies.
FDA approves the first West Nile virus (WNV) blood test to screen donors of blood, organs, cells and tissues.
2005
AABB starts collaborating with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to create CDC National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module.
2006
FDA approves first U.S. pathogen inactivation systems for platelets and plasma
2014
FDA approves first two chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies to treat cancer
2017
FDA grants emergency use authorization (EUA) enabling U.S. military to use freeze-dried plasma to treat hemorrhage in combat settings
2018
