L3: Typ Childhood Dev 0-6mos

Question 1

Stages of Development:

Starting w/ Prenatal stage…

Answer 1

1. Prenatal
   
   1. Germinal, Embryologic, Fetal
2. Neonatal/Infant
3. Toddler
4. Preschooler
5. Adolescence

Question 2

Prenatal stage subcats:

Answer 2

Germinal

Embryologic

Fetal

Question 3

Prenatal Development

How many trimesters?

Answer 3

3!

Question 4

Prenatal Development

First trimester→ Conception-12wks

Key Points:

Answer 4

• Heart beats Week 4
• Neural tube closes Week 6; check for issues when neural tube closes
• First trimester mvmts bw 7-15wks gestation
• Mvmt greatly expands after 9wks w/ isolated limb mvmts
• Breathing mvmts seen by 12 weeks

Question 5

Prenatal Development

Second Trimester→ 13-28wks

Key Points:

Answer 5

• Dev. continues w/ no NEW mvmts
• Sleep cycles around 26-28wks gestation
• **Surfactant: 27-30wks

Question 6

Prenatal Development

Third Trimester→ 29-40wks

Key Points:

Answer 6

• Generalized mvmt DECs (tigher space in womb)
• Bw 37 and 40wks gestation→ Fetus begins birth process
  
  • “Full-term” babies

Question 7

Correcting Age for Prematurity

Example #1:

Answer 7

• Gestational age= actual age based on birth date
• Corrected (adjusted) Age= actual age in weeks minus weeks premature
  
  • For babies born before: 36wks and 6 days → correct until age 2
• 6 mo old baby born @ 28wks
  
  • Weeks premature→ 12wks (3mos)- 40-28=12
  • Gestational age in wks→ 28 wks old
  • Corrected age in wks→ Actual age (wks) - wks premature= 28-12= 16
  • *At 6mos they are currently 3mos

Question 8

Correcting Age for Prematurity

Ex. #2

Answer 8

• 40 minus weeks born = weeks premature
• Born on date, todays date: its been __ months
• __ months converted into #weeks (multiply by 4)
  
  • Ex. 2mos=8weeks
• Weeks from current date since birth date minus weeks premature== Corrected age
• Ex. 40-33wks=7wks→ born on 1/18/19 and today is 3/18/19== 8 wks (2mos)
  
  • born 33wks so 7wks premature
    
    • 8 (wks from current date since birthdate) - 7 (wks premature) = 1 week (corrected age)

Question 9

Reflexes:

Flexor W/drawal

28wks gestation

Answer 9

• Integrates:
  
  • 1-2mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Noxious stim sole of foot
• Response:
  
  • Flexion w/drawal of leg

Question 10

Reflexes

Crossed Extension

28wks gestation

Answer 10

• Integrates:
  
  • 1-2mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Noxious stim sole of foot
• Response:
  
  • Flexion of stimulated leg and then EXT opp leg w/ ADDuction

Question 11

Reflexes

Positive Support

35wks gestation

Answer 11

• Integrates:
  
  • 1-2mos after birth, inconsist
• Stimulus:
  
  • Balls of feet in contact w/ firm surface
• Response:
  
  • Legs EXT to support BW

Question 12

Reflexes

Automatic Walking/Reflex Stepping

37wks gestation

Answer 12

• Integrates:
  
  • 2-3mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Hold upright w/ feet on support
• Response:
  
  • High stepping mvmts w/ regular rhythm

Question 13

Reflexes

Galant/Trunk Incurvation

28wks gestation

Answer 13

• Integrates:
  
  • 3mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • In prone→ stroke paravertebral skin
• Response:
  
  • Lateral curvature of trunk on stim’d side

Question 14

Reflexes

Rooting

28wks gestation

Answer 14

• Integration:
  
  • 3-4mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Touch to perioral area of hungry infant
• Response:
  
  • Turns head and lips towards stim.

Question 15

Reflexes

Moro**** KNOW ALL OF THIS

28wks gestation

Integrates→ 3-5mos after birth

Answer 15

Integrates 3-5mos after birth

• Stimulus:
  
  • Head drop backwards
• Response:
  
  • ABD/EXT of arms
  • Splaying of fingers
  • May be followed by arm flex and ADD

*NOTE: BIG FOR RED FLAGS!!!!–classic sign of children w/ neuro deficit if sticks around

Question 16

CLASSIC sign of neuro deficits if this reflex sticks around…

Answer 16

Moro

Question 17

Reflexes

***Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) *think Usain Bolt pose→ KNOW ALL OF THIS

20 wks gestation

Integrates 4-5mos after birth (wanna see it go away!)

Answer 17

Integrates 4-5mos after birth

• Stimulus:
  
  • Turning of head
• Response:
  
  • Facial arm EXTs/ABDs
  • Occipital arm Flexes/ADD’s

*Fencing Pose

Question 18

Reflexes

Suck-Swallow

34-38 wks gestation

Answer 18

• Integrates:
  
  • 5mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Touch to lips and inside mouth for suckling and liquid for swallowing
• Response:
  
  • Rhythmic excursions of jaw, tongue rides up and down w/ jaw, then swallow

Question 19

Reflexes

Palmar Grasp

28wks gestation

Answer 19

• Integrates:
  
  • 4-7mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Pressure on palm of hand
• Response:
  
  • Flexion of fingers

*the one where we think they are grabbing out finger being cute but they’re not….it’s just a reflex -__-

Question 20

Reflexes

Plantar Grasp

28wks gestation

Answer 20

• Integrates:
  
  • 9mos after birth
• Stimulus:
  
  • Supported standing on feet OR pressure to sole of foot just distal to metatarsal heads
• Response:
  
  • Flexion of toes

Question 21

REFLEXES IN ACTION VIDEOS !!!

Answer 21

L3: SLIDE 30******