L3 - Structures of Globalization Flashcards
What is globalization?
A complex phenomenon that is constantly evolving, influenced by technological advancements, political changes, economic developments, and cultural integration.
What are the main actors of globalization?
The main actors include:
* Nation-states
* Multi-national corporations (MNCs)
* International organizations (IOs)
* Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
* Individuals
Define a multinational corporation (MNC).
A company that produces goods or services in more than one country.
How do MNCs drive economic globalization?
By:
* Establishing factories in developing countries
* Exporting and importing products
* Influencing trade policies
* Transferring knowledge and technology
What role do MNCs play in establishing factories in developing countries?
They use capital from developed countries to set up factories in developing countries, accessing cheaper labor and raw materials.
How do MNCs influence trade policies?
Through lobbying and economic diplomacy to advocate for trade agreements and regulations that favor their operations.
What is an international organization (IO)?
A group of countries or entities that work together for a specific purpose, established by treaty and governed by international law.
List some examples of international organizations (IOs).
- United Nations (UN)
- European Union (EU)
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- African Development Bank (ADB)
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- ASEAN
- Council of Europe
What are some characteristics of international organizations (IOs)?
They:
* Are not required to pay taxes
* Are difficult to prosecute in court
* Are not required to provide information to any parliament
* May have confidential proceedings
How do individuals contribute to globalization?
Through:
* Consumer demand
* Education and travel
* Private initiatives
* Technological progress
* Political decisions
Define a nation-state.
A political entity where the state and the nation are congruent, typically sharing a common language, history, culture, and ethnicity.
What is the main difference between a state and a nation?
A state is a political entity with borders and laws, while a nation is a group of people with a shared culture, history, and identity.
What historical event is associated with the origins of the nation-state?
The Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe in 1648.
What are the key principles of the Westphalian system?
The five key principles are:
* Sovereignty
* Territorial integrity
* Non-aggression
* Non-interference
* Equality and cooperation
Fill in the blank: The Westphalian system established the nation-state as the dominant __________ in Europe.
[political organization]
