L3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION METHODS Flashcards
In qualitative research, data are often expressed in ______ rather than being measured.
words
This involves a researcher and a participant who engage in a conversation with questions focusing on the topic of the research study.
Interview
INTERVIEW STRUCTURES
- pre-set questions
- no follow-up questions
- only ask what is in the guide
Structured Interviews
INTERVIEW STRUCTURES
- more open-ended
- few pre-determined questions
- participants are encouraged to elaborate on their responses
Semi-structures Interviews
Good questions are free of _____, ______-ended, and not leading in order for the respondents to freely express their answers.
bias, open
INTERVIEW STRUCTURES
- lack a predetermined set of questions
- done casually
- appears to be conversational
Unstructured Interviews
It requires a group of people to participate in a discussion about a certain topic
Focus Group Discussion
It is useful in generating a deeper understanding of participants’ experiences and beliefs
Focus Group Discussion
Describes a certain behavior or phenomenon in their natural setting. These are firsthand encounters.
Observation
OBSERVATION STRUCTURES
- laboratory observation
- science inclined researcher
- collecting data in a systematic manner
Fully structured
OBSERVATION STRUCTURES
- observe participants in their natural environment
- researcher tries to be unobtrusive
Naturalistic
This is a detached observer where the researcher is neither seen nor noticed by participants. It’s one way of minimizing the Hawthorne Effect as participants are more likely to act natural when they don’t know they’re being observed.
Complete Observer
The researcher mainly observes, but occasionally enters the field. (Brief Intervention)
Here the researcher is known and recognized by the participants and in many cases, the participants know the research goals of the observer.
Observer as Participant
Here the researcher is fully engaged with the participants. She is more of a friend or a colleague than a neutral third party. While there is full interaction with participants, the researcher is known.
Participant as Observer
This is a fully embedded researcher, almost like a spy. Here the observer fully engages with the participants and partakes in their activities.
Complete Participant
Participants aren’t aware that observation and research is being conducted, even though they fully interact with the researcher. This has sometimes been referred to as “going native” in reference to performing indigenous fieldwork.
Complete Participant
- easily accessible
- can be accessed either physically or online
- might already exist prior to the research study
Document Analysis
