Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 Peds II > L3 Peds Oncology > Flashcards

L3 Peds Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

most common malignancy of childhood

A

Acute Lymphblastic Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ALL is

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes, usually B cell precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

more likely to get ALL

A

Down syndrome
Viral infections
radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peak ages of ALL

A

2-5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fever, fatigue, pallor, bleeding→ petechiae, purpura, bone pain (pelvis, vertebrae, legs), hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ALL labs

A 
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Peripheral smear, bone marrow biopsy: lymphoblasts
WBC could be normal, depressed, elevated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long does treatment take for ALL

prognosis?

A

2-3 years

85% survival rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ALL, AML treatment

A

Chemotherapy 1st

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) best if from matched sibling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperkalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Acute renal failure

A

tumor lysis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AML is

A

proliferation of precursor cells, myeloblasts, commited to the myeloid line of cellular development–> reduced capacity to differentiate into mature cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

risk of AML

A

Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis, radiation, benzene (smoking), previous chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myeloblasts give rise to

A

granulocytes: basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cancer that +/- CNS (10%): HA, lethargy, mental status changes, cranial nerve palsies

A

AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WBC>100,000 (20%) → hyperleukocytosis (>75,000) is a life threatening medical emergency

A

AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AML peripheral smear findings

A

Auer Rods: granular structures in the cytoplasm seen on peripheral smear
circulating myeloblasts, >20% diagnostic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 things needed to diagnose AML

A
  1. bone marrow biopsy shows 20%+ blasts

2. blasts are of myeloid origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AML prognosis

A

65-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

massive splenomegaly

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chronic phase → accelerated phase → blast phase

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Peripheral smear: myeloid cells in all stages of maturation, increased basophils and blast cells
Blast cells > 20% during blast crisis

A

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CML tx

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

hematopoietic stem cell transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

50% of all childhood lymphomas

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

risk for hodgkin lymphoma

A

familial

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-sternberg cells: germinal center B cells that have undergone malignant transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

B symtpoms

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

physical exam findings of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

painless cervical/supraclavicular adenopathy

mediastinal mass

28
Q

superior vena cava syndrome

A 
dyspnea
cough
othropnea
facial/upper extremity edema
Can be caused by mediastinal mass in Hodgkin lymphoma
29
Q

hodgkin lymphoma survival rate

A

90%

30
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma arises from

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma arises from

A

lymph nodes and spreads

any site of lymphoid tissue

31
Q

patient has a history of EBV, which cancer do they have

A

either lymphoma

32
Q

patients is HIV+, which cancer do they have

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

33
Q

Non-hodgkin lymphoma in peds is (but not in adults)

A

rapidly proliferating, high-grade, diffuse malignancies

34
Q

when is heptamegaly/splenomegaly seen in non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

advanced stage

unlike others where it may be seen on initial presentation

35
Q

fast, enlarging, non-tender lymphadenopathy

A

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

36
Q

evaluating for brain tumor

A

measure head circumference, observe gait

37
Q

Most common solid tumor of childhood

A

brain tumor

38
Q

morning headache, vomiting, papilledema

A

brain tumor triad

39
Q

brain tumor in young kids

A

Vomiting, unsteadiness, lethargy, irritability, macrocephaly, FFT, delayed development

40
Q

brain tumor in older kids

A

HA, visual symptoms, seizure, focal neurological deficits, school failure, personality changes

41
Q

preferred diagnostic study of brain tumor

A

MRI

42
Q

Most common abdominal tumor, most common solid neoplasm outside CNS

A

neuroblastoma

43
Q

most common primary site of neuroblastoma

A

adrenal gland

44
Q

presentation of neuroblastoma

A

firm, fixed, irregular abdominal mass that extends beyond midline

45
Q

neuroblastoma labs

A

anemia

urinary catecholamines: DA, epi, NE

46
Q

neuroblastoma survival rate

A

<40%

47
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

nephroblastoma

48
Q

nephroblastoma presentation

A

asymptomatic abdominal mass/swelling, smooth, firm, well demarcated, rarely crosses midline. can extend into pelvis

49
Q

hematuria, hypertension

A

wilm’s tumor

50
Q

who’s most likely to get osteosarcoma

A

Males, 13-16 years old

51
Q

where osteosarcoma happen

A

long bones metaphysis: femor

52
Q

cardinal signs of bone tumor

A

bone pain at site
mass formation
fracture through the area of cortical destruction

53
Q

who gets ewing sarcoma, and where

A

White males, 2nd decade, long bone diaphysis

54
Q

osteosarcoma vs ewing sarcoma in long bones

A

osteosarcoma: metaphysis, often femur

ewing sarcoma: diaphysis

55
Q

osteosarcoma vs ewing sarcoma soft tissue involvement

A

osteosarcoma: maybe, evaluate using MRI

ewing sarcoma: rare

56
Q

presentation of retinoblastoma

A

leukocoria, strabismus, nystagmus, red inflamed eye

57
Q

leukocoria

A

white pupillary light reflex

58
Q

diagnostic of retinoblastoma

A

chalky, off white retinal mass with soft, friable consistency

59
Q

when to use chemo for retinoblastoma

A

Retinoblastoma that is confined to the globe

60
Q

retinoblastoma tx

A

External beam radiation

61
Q

proptosis/exophthalmos

A

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma

62
Q

hematuria, urinary obstruction, pelvic mass

A

Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma

63
Q

Presentation: painless, progressively enlarging mass
Can resemble fat, fibrous tissue, muscle, at any part of the body
Head & neck more common

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

64
Q

Serum alpha-fetoprotein

A

Hepatic tumors:
Elevated at diagnosis
Excellent marker of response to treatment

65
Q

hepatic tumor survival rates

A

1/3 survive with complete resection

Unit 1 Peds II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions