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Mycology > L3 oomycetes > Flashcards

L3 oomycetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superphylum that includes Oomycota?

A

Stramenopiles (Heterokonta)

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2
Q

What are the two flagella types in Oomycota zoospores?

A

Tinsel flagellum (pulls forward) and whiplash flagellum (pushes backward)

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3
Q

How do Oomycota reproduce asexually?

A

Through sporangia, resting spores, and/or zoosporangia producing biflagellate zoospores.

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4
Q

What type of hyphae do Oomycota have?

A

Coenocytic (non-septate) diploid hyphae.

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5
Q

Name a significant disease caused by Oomycota in fish.

A

Saprolegniosis (caused by Saprolegnia parasitica).

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6
Q

What is the ecological role of Oomycota?

A

They can be saprophytes, parasites, or pathogens affecting animals and plants

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7
Q

Which order of Oomycota is known for causing Downy Mildew?

A

Peronosporales (specifically Plasmopara viticola).

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8
Q

Describe the sexual reproduction process in Saprolegniales.

A

Formation of compatible oogonia and antheridia on the same mycelium, leading to fertilization and oospore development.

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9
Q

What are the conditions that favor the development of Downy Mildew?

A

Cool and damp conditions.

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10
Q

How do Hyphochytriomycota differ from Chytridiomycota in flagella structure?

A

Hyphochytriomycota have a single tinsel flagellum, while Chytridiomycota have a single posterior whiplash flagellum.

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11
Q

What are common habitats for Hyphochytriomycota?

A

Freshwater, marine environments, and soil.

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12
Q

What is the significance of Phytophthora infestans in history?

A

It caused the Irish potato famine in 1845.

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13
Q

How are zoospores of Oomycota dispersed?

A

Motile zoospores swim through water before encysting and germinating.

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14
Q

What does the term “oogamous” refer to in Oomycota reproduction?

A

The presence of non-motile female gametes that are larger than male gametes.

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15
Q

How many phyla are identified within the superphylum Stramenopiles?

A

Two phyla: Oomycota and Hyphochytriomycota.

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16
Q

What types of organisms are found in the Phylum Oomycota?

A

Water molds, including saprophytes, parasites, and pathogens

17
Q

Describe the structure of Oomycota cell walls.

A

Made of cellulose and glucans.

18
Q

What type of reproduction is predominant in Oomycota?

A

Asexual reproduction is predominant, but sexual reproduction also occurs

19
Q

What are the two reproductive strategies in Oomycota?

A

Homothallic (same mycelium) and heterothallic (different mycelia).

20
Q

How do motile zoospores of Oomycota differ in structure?

A

The tinsel flagellum has lateral branches (mastigonemes), while the whiplash flagellum is smooth.

21
Q

What is the impact of Saprolegnia parasitica on fish?

A

It can cause skin lesions, lethargy, and can lead to mortality in infected fish.

22
Q

What environmental factors increase susceptibility to Saprolegniosis in fish?

A

High population density, temperature extremes, and stress from other infections.

23
Q

How do Pythium species affect crops?

A

They cause root rot and damping-off in many plant species.

24
Q

What is a defining characteristic of the Order Peronosporales?

A

Most are obligate parasites on the aerial parts of higher plants.

25
Q

What was one of the world’s first fungicides developed for?

A

The control of Plasmopara viticola (Downy Mildew).

26
Q

How does Phytophthora ramorum affect plants?

A

It causes Sudden Oak Death and affects over 100 plant species.

27
Q

What is the life cycle of Phytophthora infestans characterized by?

A

A heterothallic sexual stage requiring compatible mycelia for oospore formation.

28
Q

How are zoospores of Hyphochytriomycota characterized?

A

They release uniflagellate zoospores with a single tinsel flagellum.

29
Q

What is a common host for Hyphochytriomycota?

A

They can be hyperparasites on oospores of other Oomycetes and can colonize plant pollen.

30
Q

What are mastigonemes?

A

Lateral filaments on the tinsel flagellum of some zoospores

31
Q

How can water molds be detected in the environment?

A

By isolating samples from water or infected fish tissue, using bait like hemp seeds for incubation.

32
Q

What role does temperature play in the life cycles of Oomycota?

A

Cool and damp conditions favor disease development and zoospore swimming.

33
Q

What type of spores do Oomycota form for survival?

A

Oospores, which are thick-walled and persistent.

34
Q

How do the life cycles of Oomycota and Hyphochytriomycota differ?

A

Oomycota have well-documented asexual and sexual stages; Hyphochytriomycota’s sexual reproduction is less understood.

Mycology (7 decks)

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