L3: Mendelian Genetics II

Question 1

Use of the chi-squared test

Answer 1

Compare observed results with expected results

Smaller the difference, more likely it happened

Question 2

What does it mean when probability value is less than 5%?

Answer 2

Difference did not cocur by change e.g its a sig difference

Question 3

Define null hypothesis

Answer 3

Expected result based on assumption (e.g 50/50 heads & tails- coin not based)

Question 4

Define p-value

Answer 4

Probability that difference between observed & expected result happened by chance

Question 5

p-value & null hypothesis in regards to observed & expected results being very different

Answer 5

p-value is very low, null hypothesis rejected

p-value < 5%

Question 6

p-value & null hypothesis in regards to observed & expected results being similar

Answer 6

p-value high, null hypothesis not rejected

p-value > 5%

Question 7

How to calculate degrees of freedom?

Answer 7

number of data categories-1

Question 8

Chromosomes in females/males

Answer 8

Females: 2 X
Males: 1X & 1Y

Question 9

Define autosomes

Answer 9

Non-sex chromosomes

Question 10

Define carriers

Answer 10

Carrying a disease-causing allele

Question 11

What is the probability each child has a disease (independent event)?

Answer 11

Each pregnancy is a independent event, chancesof the next child inheriting a disease doesn’t change

Question 12

Define autosomal

Answer 12

Both sexes affected equally

Question 13

Ratio if there is independent assortment?

Answer 13

9:3:3:1