L3- Homeostasis Flashcards
equilibrium or health of the body as measured by established norms of blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, respiratory rate, and other indicators
homeostasis
-when any deviation from the set point made smaller or is resisted
-maintains variation within a normal range
negative feedback
the physiological value around which normal range fluctuates
set point
restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable
normal range
three components of negative feedback
- receptor
- control center
- effector
monitors the value of a variable, such as body temperature, by detecting stimulus (changes in environment)
receptor
what are receptors
nerves that send messages to the brain
determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor about the variable
control center
what is the control center
brain (analyzes the message sent by the receptors)
can change the value of the variable when directed by the control center
effector (ex. sweat)
occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response
positive feedback
examples of positive feedback
pregnancy and blood clotting
regulations of the amount and composition of the body fluids
fluid balance
three types of fluids
isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
solutions are IV fluids that have a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood
isotonic
solutions have a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than blood
hypotonic
higher concentration of dissolved particles than blood
hypertonic
body fluids outside the cell
extracellular fluid
body fluid inside the cell
intracellular fluid
level of structural organization of the human body
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- organ system level
- organism level
atoms bond to form molecules with three-dimensional structures
chemical level
variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell
cellular level
a community of similar cells from a body tissue
tissue level (ex. smooth tissue muscles)
two or more different tissues combine to form a organ
organ level
two or more organs work closely together to perform the functions of a body system
organ system level (ex. urinary tract system)
many organ system work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism
organism level
tiny building blocks of matter
atoms
atoms combine to form
molecules (ex. water, sugar, and proteins)
basic structural and functional units of organisms
cells
consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function and structure
tissue
4 basic types of tissue
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
structure composed of two or more tissue that performs a specific function for the body
organ
group of organs working together to perform a set of related functions
organ system
living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiological functions necessary for life
organism
