L3 Counselling Flashcards
Who first developed psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
Which approach did Sigmund Freud develop?
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
Who developed CBT?
Aaron Beck
Who developed REBT?
Albert Ellis
Which approach is Aaron Beck associated with?
CBT
Who developed the person-centred approach?
Carl Rogers
Which approach did Carl Rogers develop?
Person-centred/humanistic
Which approach is transference associated with?
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
Which approach is countertransference associated with?
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
Which approach are conditions of worth associated with?
Humanistic
Which approach uses the ABC or ABCDE model?
Behavioural (CBT and REBT)
What does ABCDE stand for?
Activating event - e.g. You fail an assignment by 1 mark
Belief - e.g. “I’m useless at studying”
Consequence - e.g. “I may as well quit”
Dispute irrational belief - e.g. “Do I always fail? When did I last succeed?”
Effective alternate beliefs - e.g. “I failed by 1 mark, that doesn’t mean I’m useless, I’ll do some more revision and resubmit”
Which approach is the actualising tendency associated with?
Person-centred/humanistic
Which theory is self-actualisation associated with?
Person-centred/humanistic
Who invented the Hierarchy of Needs?
Abraham Maslow
Which approach is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs associated with?
Humanistic/person-centred
Which approach is the organismic valuing process associated with?
Person-centred/humanistic
Which approach is the Johari Window associated with?
Humanistic/person-centred
Which ‘umbrella’ approach does Gestalt therapy belong to?
Humanistic
Which ‘umbrella’ approach do existential therapies fall under?
Humanistic
Which approach emphasises ‘prizing’ the client?
Person-centred/humanistic
Which approach are the three ‘core conditions’ associated with?
Person-centred/humanistic
What are the three ‘core conditions’?
Empathy
Congruence
Unconditional Positive Regard
Which approach says that your self-concept is made up of your organismic self, perceived self and ideal self?
Person-centred/humanistic
Which approach says that the mind is made up of 3 levels: conscious, subconscious and unconscious?
Psychodynamic
Which approach believes in the personality structure of id, ego and superego?
Psychodynamic
Which approach believes we all have ‘drives’ (such as the life drive and death drive) that we strive to fulfill?
Psychodynamic
Which approach believes in the pleasure principle and the reality principle?
Psychodynamic
Which approach talks about ‘defence mechanisms’ such as projection, repression and denial?
Psychodynamic
Which approach is most likely to use dream analysis?
Psychodynamic
Which approach would talk about neurotic anxiety?
Psychodynamic
Which approach would talk about moral anxiety?
Psychodynamic
Which approach would talk about ‘reality’ anxiety?
Psychodynamic
Which approach is based on Pavlov’s work on classical conditioning and Bandura’s social learning theory?
Behavioural/CBT/REBT
Which approach is most likely to use case formulation with clients?
Behavioural
Which approach is associated with schemas?
Behavioural
Which approach would talk about automatic thoughts?
Behavioural
Which approach would talk about cognitive distortions?
Behavioural
Name the approach associated with each of the following:
- Cognitive distortions
- Conditions of worth
- Defence mechanisms
Cognitive distortions - Behavioural
Conditions of worth - Humanistic
Defence mechanisms - Psychoanalytic
Which approach would talk about irrational thinking and alternative thinking?
Behavioural
Which approach talks about behaviour modification?
Behavioural
Which approach is focused on solving problems and meeting goals?
Behavioural
In what type of therapy is the client most likely to be given homework?
Behavioural
Name a model of supervision (2 possible answers)
Carroll’s 7 Task Model
Inskipp and Proctor’s Functional Model
Which approach challenges the over-medicalisation of the human experience?
Humanistic
What type of therapy would be most likely to use free association?
Psychoanalytic
If a therapist is using a ‘neutral stance’, what kind of therapist are they?
Psychoanalytic
Which approach is based on more of a ‘working alliance’ than a ‘therapeutic relationship’?
Behavioural
Which approach believes that there are six ‘necessary and sufficient’ conditions of therapeutic change?
Humanistic
Which approach has the most measurable outcomes, which makes it easier to find evidence that it works?
Behavioural - ‘scales’ are frequently used, so it is easy to show change over time
Which approach is focused on the past?
Psychoanalytic
Is the psychoanalytic approach more focused on the past or the present?
The past
Is the humanistic approach more focused on the past or the present?
The present
Is the behavioural approach more focused on the past or the present?
The present
Which approach is most likely to be used to quickly treat a phobia?
Behavioural
Which approach is most likely to be used to treat deep-seated childhood issues?
Psychoanalytic
Which approach would talk about an internal or external locus of evaluation?
Humanistic
Which approach might be criticised for not dealing with the root causes of distress?
Behavioural
Which approach might be particularly frustrating to a client who feels they need direction?
Humanistic
Which approach is ‘splitting’ associated with?
Psychoanalytic
Repression is a
A. Core condition (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Regression is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Projection is a
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Which approach is interpretation associated with?
Psychoanalytic
Which approach is re-parenting associated with?
Psychoanalytic
Resistance is associated with which approach?
Psychodynamic
All-or-nothing thinking is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
“I mustn’t be angry” is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
Catastrophising is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Condition of worth (humanistic)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Emotional reasoning is a
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Denial is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. River in Egypt
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Reaction formation is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Magnification and minification are
A. Defence mechanisms (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortions (behavioural)
C. Spells in Harry Potter
B. Cognitive distortions (behavioural)
What in the fresh hell is a schema?
A. A plan
B. The light brown bit on top of your espresso
C. A ‘rule’ or pattern learnt in childhood that you maintain through present-day behaviours (behavioural approach)
C. A ‘rule’ or pattern learnt in childhood that you maintain through present-day behaviours (behavioural approach)
(I think? Oh God…)
Someone with an external locus of evaluation…
A. Feels defined by other people
B. Trusts their own opinions about themselves
A. Feels defined by other people
Fortune telling is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Better way to make money than counselling
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Magical thinking is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Skill you learn after having lots of counselling
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Personalisation is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Jumping to conclusions is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Mind reading is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Skill you learn on level 4
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Disqualifying the positive is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
“Should” statements are
A. A defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. A cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. A counselling skill
B. A cognitive distortion (behavioural)
Displacement is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
Introjection is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
According to psychoanalytic theory, why do people use defence mechanisms?
A. To maintain maladaptive schemas learned in childhood
B. To protect themselves from painful or unacceptable feelings and memories
C. To be worthy of others’ love and acceptance
B. To protect themselves from painful or unacceptable feelings and memories
What is the aim of CBT?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the ‘unacceptable’ aspects of the client’s unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
What is the aim of the psychodynamic approach?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the ‘unacceptable’ aspects of the client’s unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
C. To gradually bring the ‘unacceptable’ aspects of the client’s unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
What is the aim of the person-centred approach?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the ‘unacceptable’ aspects of the client’s unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
Which approach generally takes the longest?
Psychodynamic
Which approach generally takes the least time?
Behavioural
What even is the organismic valuing process?
A. I don’t know, those are some really hard words…
B. Rating your level of congruence on a scale of 1-10
C. The process of self-led growth that happens when we move towards authenticity, autonomy, internal locus of evaluation, unconditional positive self regard, process living (recognising we’re always ‘becoming’ and we never ‘arrive’), relatedness (supportive and trusting relationships), and openness to inner and outer experience. Which is driven by our actualising tendency and facilitated by the counsellor’s use of the core conditions. (Humanistic approach)
C. The process of self-led growth that happens when we move towards authenticity, autonomy, internal locus of evaluation, unconditional positive self regard, process living (recognising we’re always ‘becoming’ and we never ‘arrive’), relatedness (supportive and trusting relationships), and openness to inner and outer experience. Which is driven by our actualising tendency and facilitated by the counsellor’s use of the core conditions. (Humanistic approach)
…I think. Aaah.
Which specific type of counselling uses the empty chair technique?
Gestalt
Existential and Gestalt therapies both tend to:
A. Use creative methods like painting or role-play with puppets
B. Focus on the past
C. Encourage the client to take responsibility
C. Encourage the client to take responsibility
