L3 Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the 7 biomedical importance of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Chief source of energy - gives 4cal / gram

Part of Cell membrane structure

Storage form of energy (glycogen)

Lactose-principle sugar of milk

Serve to lubricate skeletal joint

Used as drugs (cardiac glycosides)

Raw materials (paper and textiles)

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Organic substances with C, H and O in the ratio of 1:2:1. (C6H12O6
)
 Polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone derivatives.

Question 3

What does it mean when caarbohydrates are referred to as polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone derivatives.

Answer 3

Polyhydroxy- more than one hydroxyl group
Has functional groups of aldehyde and ketone.
Glucose has CHO group- aldehyde
Fructose has C=O group- ketone

Question 4

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Simple sugars & cannot be hydrolysed further.

Question 5

How are monosaccharides classified?

Answer 5

Further classified on the basis of number of carbon atoms and the presence
of functional groups.

Question 6

What are monosaccharides with 3 carbons called?
Examples?
Functional groups?

Answer 6

Trioses (3 carbon) Glyceraldehyde Aldehyde (aldotriose)

Dihydroxy acetone Ketone (Ketotriose)

Question 7

What are monosaccharides with 4 carbons called?
Examples?
Functional groups?

Answer 7

Tetroses (4 carbon)
Erythrose Aldehyde (aldotetrose)

Question 8

What are monosaccharides with 5 carbons called?
Examples?
Functional groups?

Answer 8

Pentoses (5 carbon) 
Ribose Aldehyde( Aldopentose)
Xylose Aldehyde(Aldopentose)
Xylulose Ketone (Ketopentose)

Question 9

What are monosaccharides with 6 carbons called?
Examples?
Functional groups?

Answer 9

Hexoses (6 carbons) Glucose Aldehyde (Aldohexose)
Galactose Aldehyde (Aldohexose)
Fructose Ketone (Ketohexose)