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Physiology 2 (Y2,S1) > L3: Body Water > Flashcards

L3: Body Water Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue: Function

A
  • Protects
  • Secretes
  • Absorbs
  • Excretes
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2
Q

Location of epithelial tissue

A
  • Body surfaces (inside & out)
  • Glands
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3
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue (3)

A
  1. No blood vessels
  2. Reproduced readily
  3. Tightly packed cells
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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of monolayered epithelial cells

A
  1. Apical surface: exposed to outside/internal open space
  2. Basolateral surface
  3. Basement membrane: links to connective tissue
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5
Q

Endocrine vs exocrine glands

A
  • Endocrine glands secrete inside the body: e.g: kidneys secrete renin into bloodstream
  • Exocrine glands secrete via ducts: e.g: tear, sweat, salivary glands
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6
Q

What affects the rate of water loss

A
  • Coffee
  • Alcohol
  • Salt
  • Disease
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7
Q

how many litres of water are in the body

A

42 litres

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8
Q

How does water cross the epithelia & enter the body

A
  1. Absorbed in the gut
  2. Reabsorbed in the kidney (into bloodstream)
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9
Q

How does water cross epithelia and leave the body

A
  1. Secretion and evaporation: lungs & skin
  2. Secretion and/or lack of absorption (diarrhoea) in gut
  3. Filtration/secretion and/or lack of reabsorption in kidney
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10
Q

Filtration in kidneys

A
  • Plasma continually filtered
  • Basement membrane acts as filter that stops exit of proteins
  • Water and useful solutes reabsorbed or excreted as urine
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11
Q

What hormone controls reabsorption

A

ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

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11
Q

What form pores in the kidney membranes

A

Transport proteins called aquaporins (AQPs)

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12
Q

Where does reabsorption occur in the kidneys

A

In the collecting duct

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13
Q

Reabsorption in the collecting duct if ADH is absent

A
  • ADH absent
  • AQP1 remains in basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining collecting duct
  • AQP2 is in secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells lining collecting duct
  • AQP2 not forming pores on apical membrane of epithelial cells so water cannot be reabsorbed into body
  • Urine becomes dilute
  • Large volume of water lost
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14
Q

Reabsorption in the collecting duct if ADH is present

A
  • ADH present
  • AQP1 remains in basolateral membrane of epithelial cells lining collecting duct
  • AQP2 inserted into apical membrane of epithelial cells lining collecting duct
  • Water can be reabsorbed into the body
  • Urine becomes concentrated
  • Water is retained, small volume of water lost
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15
Q

Genetic disorder that occurs if you inherit 2 defective AQP2 alleles

A

Diabetes Insipidus
Urine: dilute, large volume (no AQP2 so water doesn’t get reabsorbed correctly)

16
Q

How is intake/output of water regulated

A
  1. Thirst: impulse to drink/ not drink
  2. Urine production
17
Q

Urine Production: Dehydration

A
  • ADH is secreted
  • Water is reabsorbed in kidneys
  • Small amounts of concentrated urine
18
Q

Urine Production: Over Hydrated

A
  • ADH not secreted
  • Water not reabsorbed in kidneys
  • Large amounts of dilute urine
19
Q

What senses the osmolarity of plasma

A

The hypothalamus

20
Q

When will osmolarity increase (dehydration)

A
  1. amount of substance in plasma increases
  2. volume decreases
    (DEHYDRATION)
21
Q

when will osmolarity decrease

A
  1. amount of substance in plasma decreases
  2. volume increases
22
Q

Where is ADH released from

A

Pituitary gland

23
Q

What happens if you excercise then drink alcohol

A
  • Amount of water in plasma decreased (sweat/lung evaporation)
  • Osmolarity therefore increases, you are dehydrated
  • Alcohol blocks ADH release
  • AQP2 not inserted so water not reabsorbed & osmolarity not corrected
  • Continued loss of water (homeostasis not reached)
24
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintenance of internal body environment

25
Q

Role of sensors in feedback loops

A
  • Detect change
  • Send signal to integrating centre in the brain
26
Q

Role of integrating centre in feedback loops

A
  • Stimultaes effectors
  • Too hot -> sweat gland
  • Too cold -> shiver

Physiology 2 (Y2,S1) (3 decks)

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