cgier > L.3 - blood cells > Flashcards

L.3 - blood cells Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

State the 3 types of blood cells:

A
  • leucocytes
  • erythrocytes
  • thrombocytes
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2
Q

Leucocytes are capable of what type of movement?

A
  • amoeboid
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3
Q

state the 5 types of leucocytes.

A
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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4
Q

What are the 2 groups leucocytes are divided into?

A
  • agranulocytes
  • granulocytes
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5
Q

Function & products of lymphocytes?

A

• Functions as t- lymphocytes (cellular immunity) and b- lymphocytes (humoral immunity - antibodies)

• products: antibodies (plasma cell)

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6
Q

Function & products of monocytes?

A

• Function: phagocytose invading organism

• Product: macrophages

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7
Q

Function & products of neutrophils?

A

• Function: phagocytose damaged cells
• Product: pus in wounds

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8
Q

Function & products of eosinophils?

A
  • Function: phagocytose (weak) except when they’re is a parasite infection - it’ll increase
  • Products: parasitaemia
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9
Q

Function & products of basophils?

A
  • Function: similar to tissue mast cells
  • Products: histamine & heparin
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10
Q

What type of granulocytes are in neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

A

• neutrophils - appear to be like lysosomes
• eosinophils - acidiphilic granules
• basophils - basophilic granules

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11
Q

Most common, 2nd common, and rarest leucocytes?

A

• most common: neutrophils = 60%
• 2nd common: lymphocytes = 30%
• rare: basophils = 0.4%

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12
Q

What is the smallest and largest leucocytes?

A
  • smallest: lymphocytes (8-10 um)
  • largest: monocytes (15-20 um)
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13
Q

What are the sizes of granulocytes (neutro, eosin, and basophils)?

A

• neutrophils: 10-14 um
• eosinophils: 10-14 um
• basophils: 8-14 um

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14
Q

% of WBC in monocytes and eosinophils?

A

• monocytes - 5.3%
• eosinophils - 1 - 3%

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15
Q

Where do the 5 types of leucocytes originate from?

A

• lymphocytes: lymphoid (from stem cell)
• monocytes: red bone marrow
• neutrophils: red bone marrow
• eosinophils: red bone marrow
• basophils: red bone marrow

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16
Q

Where do erythrocytes original from?

A
  • red bone marrow
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17
Q

In mammals, erythrocytes are bags of …?

A
  • harmoglobin
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18
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A
  • transport O2 to tissues and CO2 away from tissues
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19
Q

What is the shape of erythrocytes? How does this shape help?

A
  • biconcave shape
  • gives large surface to volume ratio for O2 exchange
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20
Q

What is the size & thickness of erythrocytes?

A

• size: 8.5 um
• thickness: 2.5 um

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21
Q

How many erythrocytes are in males Vs females?

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A
  • males: 5.2 mill/ml
  • females: 4.7 mill/ml
22
Q

How long do erythrocytes survive for?

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A
  • 120 days in blood stream before removed from liver & spleen (for quality control)
23
Q

What is the product of erythrocyte breakdown?

24
Q

What does the break down of bilirubin via bile duct cause?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • brown color of poop
25
What is haemopoiesis?
- the process in which erythrocytes are continually replaced.
26
What are the early sites of haemopoiesis?
- liver, spleen, lymph nodes
27
Where does haemopoiesis begin?
- red bone marrow
28
Almost all blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow except…?
- lymphocytes as they are produced in lymphoid tissues
29
Where are red bone marrows found?
- ends of long bones such as ribs, sternum, skull, and pelvis
30
All blood cells derive from what common multi potent stem cell?
- haemocytoblast or (haematopoietic stem cell)
31
How many unipotent stem cells does haemocytoblasts give rise to?
- 5
32
Erythrocytes come from which unipotent stem cell?
- proeythroblast
33
haemopoiesis of erythrocytes is controlled by what hormone?
- erythropoietin
34
What is erythropoietin released by?
- released by the kidney in response to hypoxia (low O2) - this can be induced by high altitudes, severe blood loss, or anaemia
35
How long does erythropoietin (EPO) last for?
- 1 to 2 days and makes the max production of erythrocytes after 5-7 days (This is why we give blood transfusions bc I think takes for ever for RBC to be produced)
36
What are thrombocytes associated with?
- blood clotting
37
What is the diameter of thrombocytes
• 2-3 um
38
Where do thrombocytes originate from?
- megakaryocte cells in the red bone marrow
39
What is the life span of thrombocytes?
8 days
40
What is the function of thrombocytes?
- haemostasis (control of bleeding) via clot formation
41
Explain the process of blood clotting.
- it starts via two process: intrinsic & extrinsic pathways. extrinsic pathway - begins w/ trauma or damage to tissues outside the blood vessels. intrinsic pathway - begins in the blood instep and involve the platelets
42
What plasma protein causes most clotting?
- fibrinogen
43
Describe the process of blood clotting.
1. In the presence of Ca+, Ca+, Ca+ ions, both pathways (extrinsic & intrinsic) produce the active catalyst thrombokinase (otherwise known as prothrombin activater) 2. This enzyme converts another protein ‘prothrombin’ (formed in the liver) into ‘thrombin’ 3. Thrombin then acts as an enzyme converting soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin 4. The fibrin attaches to the damage site and creates a growing matrix of fibrin, platelets, and trapped blood cells known as the haemostatic plug or blood clot
44
What is the name of the plasma protein that is a blood clotting factor?
- globulins
45
How longs does extrinsic and intrinsic clot formation take respectively?
- extrinsic: occur after 15 seconds - intrinsic: takes from 1 - 3 min
46
What is the clear fluid that leaks from the clot when the long fibrin threads contract?
- the serum (clear fluid in blood when cells and clotting factors are taken out)
47
What are 2 things that can inhibit clotting? Explain.
1. Heparin: produced by basophils in circulation and by mast cells in connective tissue esp lung & liver 2. Removal of free Ca++ : used in blood banks to prevent clothing by adding sodium citrate or sodium oxalate cpds - this blood then can be stored in a refrigerator for weeks
48
What is haemophilia?
- abnormal bleeding
49
What causes haemophilia (abnormal bleeding)?
- disorders where the levels of certain protein components in the intrinsic blood clotting cascade are reduced
50
Symptoms of haemophilia?
- injury, surgery, sudden bleeding w no apparent cause, increase bleeding after trauma
51
What are the 2 types of haemophilia?
- haemophilia A - most common, 80% of cases (deficiency in clothing factor VII (8)) - haemophilia B - less common, 20% of cases, (deficiency in clothing factor IX (9))
cgier
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