Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cgier > L.3 - blood cells > Flashcards

L.3 - blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

State the 3 types of blood cells:

A
  • leucocytes
  • erythrocytes
  • thrombocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Leucocytes are capable of what type of movement?

A
  • amoeboid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state the 5 types of leucocytes.

A
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 groups leucocytes are divided into?

A
  • agranulocytes
  • granulocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function & products of lymphocytes?

A

• Functions as t- lymphocytes (cellular immunity) and b- lymphocytes (humoral immunity - antibodies)

• products: antibodies (plasma cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function & products of monocytes?

A

• Function: phagocytose invading organism

• Product: macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function & products of neutrophils?

A

• Function: phagocytose damaged cells
• Product: pus in wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function & products of eosinophils?

A
  • Function: phagocytose (weak) except when they’re is a parasite infection - it’ll increase
  • Products: parasitaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function & products of basophils?

A
  • Function: similar to tissue mast cells
  • Products: histamine & heparin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of granulocytes are in neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

A

• neutrophils - appear to be like lysosomes
• eosinophils - acidiphilic granules
• basophils - basophilic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common, 2nd common, and rarest leucocytes?

A

• most common: neutrophils = 60%
• 2nd common: lymphocytes = 30%
• rare: basophils = 0.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the smallest and largest leucocytes?

A
  • smallest: lymphocytes (8-10 um)
  • largest: monocytes (15-20 um)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the sizes of granulocytes (neutro, eosin, and basophils)?

A

• neutrophils: 10-14 um
• eosinophils: 10-14 um
• basophils: 8-14 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

% of WBC in monocytes and eosinophils?

A

• monocytes - 5.3%
• eosinophils - 1 - 3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do the 5 types of leucocytes originate from?

A

• lymphocytes: lymphoid (from stem cell)
• monocytes: red bone marrow
• neutrophils: red bone marrow
• eosinophils: red bone marrow
• basophils: red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do erythrocytes original from?

A
  • red bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In mammals, erythrocytes are bags of …?

A
  • harmoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A
  • transport O2 to tissues and CO2 away from tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the shape of erythrocytes? How does this shape help?

A
  • biconcave shape
  • gives large surface to volume ratio for O2 exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the size & thickness of erythrocytes?

A

• size: 8.5 um
• thickness: 2.5 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many erythrocytes are in males Vs females?

A
  • males: 5.2 mill/ml
  • females: 4.7 mill/ml
22
Q

How long do erythrocytes survive for?

A
  • 120 days in blood stream before removed from liver & spleen (for quality control)
23
Q

What is the product of erythrocyte breakdown?

A
  • bilirubin
24
Q

What does the break down of bilirubin via bile duct cause?

A
  • brown color of poop
25
Q

What is haemopoiesis?

A
  • the process in which erythrocytes are continually replaced.
26
Q

What are the early sites of haemopoiesis?

A
  • liver, spleen, lymph nodes
27
Q

Where does haemopoiesis begin?

A
  • red bone marrow
28
Q

Almost all blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow except…?

A
  • lymphocytes as they are produced in lymphoid tissues
29
Q

Where are red bone marrows found?

A
  • ends of long bones such as ribs, sternum, skull, and pelvis
30
Q

All blood cells derive from what common multi potent stem cell?

A
  • haemocytoblast or (haematopoietic stem cell)
31
Q

How many unipotent stem cells does haemocytoblasts give rise to?

A
  • 5
32
Q

Erythrocytes come from which unipotent stem cell?

A
  • proeythroblast
33
Q

haemopoiesis of erythrocytes is controlled by what hormone?

A
  • erythropoietin
34
Q

What is erythropoietin released by?

A
  • released by the kidney in response to hypoxia (low O2)
  • this can be induced by high altitudes, severe blood loss, or anaemia
35
Q

How long does erythropoietin (EPO) last for?

A
  • 1 to 2 days and makes the max production of erythrocytes after 5-7 days

(This is why we give blood transfusions bc I think takes for ever for RBC to be produced)

36
Q

What are thrombocytes associated with?

A
  • blood clotting
37
Q

What is the diameter of thrombocytes

A

• 2-3 um

38
Q

Where do thrombocytes originate from?

A
  • megakaryocte cells in the red bone marrow
39
Q

What is the life span of thrombocytes?

A

8 days

40
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A
  • haemostasis (control of bleeding) via clot formation
41
Q

Explain the process of blood clotting.

A
  • it starts via two process: intrinsic & extrinsic pathways.

extrinsic pathway - begins w/ trauma or damage to tissues outside the blood vessels.

intrinsic pathway - begins in the blood instep and involve the platelets

42
Q

What plasma protein causes most clotting?

A
  • fibrinogen
43
Q

Describe the process of blood clotting.

A
  1. In the presence of Ca+, Ca+, Ca+ ions, both pathways (extrinsic & intrinsic) produce the active catalyst thrombokinase (otherwise known as prothrombin activater)
  2. This enzyme converts another protein ‘prothrombin’ (formed in the liver) into ‘thrombin’
  3. Thrombin then acts as an enzyme converting soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
  4. The fibrin attaches to the damage site and creates a growing matrix of fibrin, platelets, and trapped blood cells known as the haemostatic plug or blood clot
44
Q

What is the name of the plasma protein that is a blood clotting factor?

A
  • globulins
45
Q

How longs does extrinsic and intrinsic clot formation take respectively?

A
  • extrinsic: occur after 15 seconds
  • intrinsic: takes from 1 - 3 min
46
Q

What is the clear fluid that leaks from the clot when the long fibrin threads contract?

A
  • the serum (clear fluid in blood when cells and clotting factors are taken out)
47
Q

What are 2 things that can inhibit clotting? Explain.

A
  1. Heparin: produced by basophils in circulation and by mast cells in connective tissue esp lung & liver
  2. Removal of free Ca++ : used in blood banks to prevent clothing by adding sodium citrate or sodium oxalate cpds - this blood then can be stored in a refrigerator for weeks
48
Q

What is haemophilia?

A
  • abnormal bleeding
49
Q

What causes haemophilia (abnormal bleeding)?

A
  • disorders where the levels of certain protein components in the intrinsic blood clotting cascade are reduced
50
Q

Symptoms of haemophilia?

A
  • injury, surgery, sudden bleeding w no apparent cause, increase bleeding after trauma
51
Q

What are the 2 types of haemophilia?

A
  • haemophilia A - most common, 80% of cases (deficiency in clothing factor VII (8))
  • haemophilia B - less common, 20% of cases, (deficiency in clothing factor IX (9))

cgier (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions