L3-4: Cancer Endocrine Flashcards
3 common hormone related cancers
prostate, endometrial, and breast
17-α Hydroxylase (CYP17A1) role and location
- converts pregnenolone into 17α-hydroxypregnenolone
- converts progesterone into. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone
located primarily in adrenal glands and gonads
17,20 lyase role and location
- cleaves the 17-hydroxy intermediates made from 17α-hydroxylase into DHEA and androstenedione (both precursors to androgens and estrogens)
located in adrenal glands and gonads
what is CYP19?
aromatase
5α-reductase role in steroid hormone synthesis
convert testosterone to DHT (most active testosterone molecule)
many cancers that belong to what lineage are responsive to glucocorticoids
lymphoid lineage
corticosteroid tx can be used as palliative care in cancer to do what 3 things?
- reduce inflammation
- edema
- manage pain during chemo
corticosteroid tx can also be used to reduce hypersensitivity reactions. what are these?
Nausea
vomiting
immune-related adverse effects
hormonal cancer therapies primarily target which two things?
- estradiol (breast, endometrial
- dihydrotestosterone(DHT) (prostate)
primary hormone for prostate cancer
DHT
primary hormone for breast and endometrial cancer
estradiol
what are the 2 major strategies to endocrine therapies? (from slide 8)
- stop steroid receptor function
- decrease production of steroids
T or F:
Endocrine therapies attempt to increase the production of steroids to regulate cell growth
false, decreases production because these hormones often fuel the growth of cancers
T or F :
Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) are both measurable in tumors
true
Well differentiated tumors are more likely to be ____
ER+
poorly differentiated tumors are generally ___
ER-
T or F:
poorly differentiated tumors have lower growth fractions and are generally more sensitive to cytotoxic agents
false, higher growth fractions
T or F:
PR is estrogen inducible and is a measure of biological response to estrogen
True, don’t know what this means so I didn’t alter it to make it false, just read it twice
T or F:
Hormone therapy in breast cancer is generally limited to ER-/PR- tumors
False, ER+/PR+
what is the difference between ER+ and ER-
ER+ = cancer cells have estrogen on their surface
ER- = cancer cells do not have estrogen on their surface
T or F:
Most breast cancers are ER-
false, most are ER+
T or F:
Hormone therapy is generally limited to ER- cancers
false, use them in ER+
