L26 - Introduction to immunohaematology and hospital blood banking Flashcards
What are the major and minor blood group classification
ABO & Rhesus
Duffy, Kidd, SS
Describe Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
Due to ABO group mismatching
Naturally occuring IgM which is reactive at body temperature
Fatal if untreated/ unrecognised
Describe ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn
Due to immune ABo antibodies crossing the pacenta to destroy RBC of foetus
Describe hemolytic disease due of new born
Mother is negative while the baby is positive
First pregnancy where the mother develop antibody against the fetus
Second pregnancy where there is a surge in the antibody
Describe direct anti globulin test
RBCs are coated with human immunoglobulin
AHG are added
Cause agglutination of rbc with immunoglobulin
What is the conical application of DAT
List three
Autoimmune hemolytic Anaemia
Haemolytic reaction of new born
Drug induced haemolytic anaemia
Describe the procedure of IAT
Plasma of the patient is extracted
Antibody from the patient is added to normal rbc, it will only coat rbc bearing the antigen
Add AHG which result in agglutination
What is the clinical use of IAT
Antibody screening and identification before blood transfusion
What are the pathological findings of a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Anaemia
Spherocytosis
Red cell agglutination
Erythroid hyperplasia (reticulocytosis and nucleated RBCs)
What are cold type of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
How cAn this be treated
Idiopathic cold haemagglutinin disease
Only bind red blood cell when the temperature is low
Prevent cold weather
What are the drugs that might cause drug induced immune haemolytic anaemia
Prolonged high dose immune haemolytic anaemia
Rifampin in, quinidine
What are being tested and screen during pre-transfusion compatibility testing
ABO blood group
Rh(D) grouping
Antibody screening (IAT using screening panel)
