L25. Urinary system structure and function Flashcards
1
Q
Function of urinary system
A
- form and expel urine
- acid-base balance
- make renin
- make erythropoietin (EPO)
- activate vitamin D
- role in BP maintenance
2
Q
Kidney
A
- paired
- retroperitoneal
- located around T12-L3
- hilum (entry and exit points)
3
Q
External Kidney- renal fascia
A
- outer
- connective tissue anchor
4
Q
External Kidney- adipose capsule
A
- fatty tissue
- holds organ in place
- protects against trauma
5
Q
External Kidney- renal capsule
A
- inner lining
- defence against infection, trauma
6
Q
Internal Kidney- Cortex
A
- outer zone
7
Q
Internal Kidney- Medulla
A
- inner zone
- made of renal pyramids
8
Q
Internal Kidney- Renal pelvis
A
- consists of minor and major calyces
- continuous with ureter
9
Q
Nephron- Microscopic internal organisation
A
- functional unit
- consists of corpuscle, tubules and collecting duct
- blood is filtered to produce urine
- adjust levels of nutrients and wastes in blood by reabsorption and secretion
10
Q
Renal circulation
A
- Afferent arterioles > Glomerulus > Efferent arteriole > Peritubular capillaries > venules
11
Q
Nephron- Arterioles and capillaries
A
AFFERENT ARTERIOLE - enters glomerulus - blood is filtered EFFERENT ARTERIOLE - leaves glomerulus PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES - delivers blood to venules
12
Q
nerve supply
A
- Autonomic control
- Sympathetic nerve fibres
> regulate renal blood flow
> change blood flow and blood pressure at nephron
13
Q
Ureters
A
- muscular tubes
- wall has 3 layers
> epithelium, muscle, connective tissue - attached to abdominal wall
- transport urine from renal pelvis to bladder
> peristalsis
14
Q
Urinary bladder
A
- hollow, distensible muscular sac
- located in pelvic cavity
- walls contains:
> epithelium, smooth muscle (detrusor) - storage of urine
- SNS stimulation of detrusor= relax, store
- internal urethral sphincter
15
Q
Urethra
A
- thin walled, muscular
- transports urine from bladder to outside
- shorter in females than in males
- females passage of urine ONLY
- males passage of BOTH semen and urine
- external urethral sphincter
> voluntary control
