L25-30: Endocrinology

Question 1

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 2

Which hormones are released by the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
Dopamine

Question 3

What is the target tissue of GHRH and somatostatin?

Answer 3

Somatotrophs

Question 4

What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 4

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinising hormone
Adencorticotrophic hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin

Question 5

Which endocrine cell secrets FSH and LH?

Answer 5

Gonadotrophs

Question 6

How is growth hormone secreted?

Answer 6

It is released by somatotrophs in response to GHRH from the hypothalamus

Question 7

What are the main functions of growth hormone?

Answer 7

Growth, cell reproduction and regeneration

Question 8

What are the acute metabolic actions of GH?

Answer 8

-Releases FAs from adipose tissue for conversion to acetyl CoA
-Reduced glucose metabolism e.g. anti-insulin
-Increased gluconeogenesis
-Increased production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 9

What does IGF-1 stand for?

Answer 9

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1

Question 10

What are the long term effects of GH?

Answer 10

-Growth: bones, epiphyseal cartilage, soft tissue, gonads and viscera
-Promotes amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
-Insulin-like endocrine effects

Question 11

What is the main treatment of growth deficiency?

Answer 11

Growth Hormone replacement (rhGH)