L23: Urinary System Development

Question 1

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

Answer 1

head kidney
middle kidney
amniote kidney

Question 2

pronephros

Answer 2

a collection of simple kidney tubules located near the cranial end of the future abdominal cavity
–about 7 nephrons, solid not tubes
non-functional

Question 3

pronephric duct

Answer 3

extends from pronephric tubules thru mesonephric ridge caudally to the cloaca

Question 4

Hox 4-11 genes

Answer 4

determine craniocaudal limits of early urinary system

Question 5

induction of pronephric ducts

Answer 5

1. retinoic acid
2. hox 4-11 genes
3. TFs - pax 2/8
4. Lim-1 effector molecule
5. aggregation of mesenchymal cells in intermediate mesoderm into pronephric ducts

Question 6

mesonephros

Answer 6

develops below pronephros
functional
consists of mesonephric tubules, longer and sigmoid in shape
about 70 pairs

Question 7

mesonephric tubules

Answer 7

do not form their own excretory ducts

instead they connect to the existing pronephric duct
—which are renamed mesonephric ducts or Wolffian ducts

Question 8

just before attaching to the cloaca, the mesonephric duct develops an evagination called ?

Answer 8

the ureteric bud

it initiates a series of inductive interactions that will result in the formation of the final kidney = metanephric kidney

Question 9

metanephric diverticulum gives rise to ?

Answer 9

adult ureter
renal pelvis
collecting tubules

Question 10

______ reduces sensitivity of anterior mesonephric duct to GDNF

Answer 10

sprouty

Question 11

what makes ureter epithelium impermeable to water

Answer 11

uroplakins

Question 12

potter’s facies

Answer 12

characteristic of a fetus exposed to oligohydramnios

flattened nose, low set ears

potters hand = severely swollen hand and fingers

Question 13

renal agenesis leads to ?

Answer 13

1. reduced urinary output causing
2. oligohydramnios - leads to 3 possibilities
   - -a. hip dislocation
   - -b. potter’s face/hands
   - -c. pulmonary hypoplasia and death