L22? Different Diseases (pp.960-962)

Question 1

Bacillus antracis

Answer 1

Bac
D) Anthrax; respiratory distress, hemorrhage
T) Inhalation/contact with spores
E) Bioterrorism

Question 2

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 2

Bac
D) Lyme disease; rash, fever, neuro/cardiac abnormalities, arthritis
T) Tick bite (ixodes)
E) incr. in deer/human pop in wooded areas

Question 3

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 3

Bac
D) Campylobacter enteritis: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever
T) food, water, milk
E) Increased recognition, consumption of undercooked poultry

Question 4

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Answer 4

Bac
D) Hemorrhagic colitis, thrombocytopenia
T) undercooked beef, raw milk
E) Development of a new pathogen

Question 5

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 5

Bac
D) Gastritis, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer
T) food, water, milk infected pets
E) increased recognition

Question 6

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 6

Bac
D) Legionnaire’s disease: malaise, myalgia, fever, headache, respiratory illness
T) AC, water supplies
E) recognition

Question 7

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 7

Bac
D) Tuberculosis: cough, weight loss, lung lesions
T) sputum droplets
E) immunosuppression, immunodeficiency (HIV), antimicrobial drug resistance

Question 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 8

Bac
D) Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, TSS
T) carrier/person-person, food
E) change in virulence of bacteria, possibly mutation

Question 9

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 9

Bac
D) Cholera: severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration
T) water, fecal-oral
E) poor sanitation and hygiene, introduced bilge water from cargo ships

Question 10

Dengue

Answer 10

Vir
D) Hemorrhagic fever
T) mosqito bite (Aedes aegypti)
E) poor mosquito control, increased urbanization in tropics, increased air travel

Question 11

Hantaviruses

Answer 11

Vir
D) Abdominal pain, vomiting, hemorrhagic fever
T) inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine/feces
E) human intrusion into virus/rodent ecological niche

Question 12

Hepatitis B

Answer 12

Vir
D) Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, chronic infection -> liver cancer and cirrhosis
T) fluid of infected person, unknown in children
E) incr. sexual activity and IV drug abuse, transfusion (before 1978)

Question 13

Hepatitis C

Answer 13

Vir
D) Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, chronic infection -> liver cancer and cirrhosis
T) percutaneous exposure to contam blood or plasma, sexual transmission
E) recognition, blood transfusion in Japan

Question 14

Human immunodefiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2

Answer 14

Vir
D) HIV, AIDS
T) sexual contact, blood-tissue, vertical mom-child
E) urbanization, changes in lifestyle, IV drug use, intnat’l travel

Question 15

Human papilomavirus

Answer 15

Vir
D) skin and mucous membrane genital warts, cancer of cervix/penis
T) direct contact (sexual/surface)
E) incr surveillance/reportiong

Question 16

Influenza

Answer 16

Vir
D) fever, headache, cough, pneumonia,
T) airborne, especially crowded enclosed space
E) animal-human reassortment, antigenic shift

Question 17

Measles

Answer 17

Vir
D) fever, conjunctivitis, cough, red blotchy rash
T) airborne, direct contact resp. secretions
E) deterioration of public health infrastructure supporting immunization

Question 18

Rabies

Answer 18

Vir
D) Acute viral encephalomyelitis
T) rabid animal bite; contact with infected neural tissue
E) intro of infected host reservoir to new areas

Question 19

Rotavrius

Answer 19

Vir
D) enteritis: diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, low grade fever
T) fecal-oral, fecal-respiratory
E) increased recognition

Question 20

West Nile Virus

Answer 20

Vir
D) meningitis, encephalitis
T) Culex pipiens mosquito and avian hosts
E) agriculture development, incr mosquito breading areas, rapid spread to nonimmune populations

Question 21

Yellow fever

Answer 21

Vir
D) fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting
T) mosquito bite (Aedes aegypti)
E) lack of mosquito control and vaccination, urbanization in tropics, increased air travel

Question 22

Candida

Answer 22

Fung
D) candidiasis: fungal infection of GI tract, vagina, & oral
T) endogenous flora, contact with secretions of infected person
E) immunosuppression, medical devices (catheters), Ab use

Question 23

Cryptosporidium

Answer 23

Prot
D) Cryptosporidiosis: infection of epithelial cells of GI and resp tracts
T) fecal-oral, person-to-person, waterborne
E) development near watershed arreas, immunosuppresion

Question 24

Giardia intestinalis

Answer 24

Prot
D) giardiasis, infection of upper small intestine, diarrhea, bloating
T) fecal (food/water)-oral
E) inadequate control in water supply systems, immunosuppression, international travel

Question 25

Plasmodium

Answer 25

Prot
D) malaria
T) mosquito bite (Anopheles)
E) change in protist biology, urbanization, env change, drug resistance, air travel

Question 26

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 26

Prot
D) toxoplasmosis: fever, lymphocytosis
T) feces of cats carrying protists, food-oral
E)immunosuppression, incr in cats as pets

Question 27

Bovine prions

Answer 27

Oth
D) bovine spongiform encephalitis, creutzfeldt-jakob disease
T) foodborne,
E) consumption of contaminated beef