L2: Smart City Concept and Development

Question 1

• Four factors to define a smart city

Answer 1

1. The application of a wide range of electronic and digital technologies to
   communities and cities.
2. The use of ICT (information and communication technology) to transform life
   and working environments within the region.
3. The embedding of such Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs)
   in government systems.
4. The territorialisation of practices that brings ICTs and people together to
   enhance the innovation and knowledge that they offer.

Question 2

What are the major issues that smart cities need to address?

Answer 2

▶ Climate change;
▶ Economic restructuring;
▶ Coronavirus and the move to online retail and entertainment;
▶ Ageing populations;
▶ Urban population growth; and
▶ Pressures on public finances

Question 3

What is the focus of smart city standards?

Answer 3

Smart City standards are focused on enabling the integration and
interoperability of city systems in order to provide value, both to the city as a
whole, and to the individual citizen.

Question 4

What are the major components in a smart city?

Answer 4

Any combination of various smart
components can make cities smart
1. Infrastructure
2. Buildings
3. Transportation
4. Energy
5. Health care
6. Technology
7. Governance
8. Education
9. Citizens

Question 5

• What are the four characteristics of a smart city?

Answer 5

• Sustainability
• Quality of Life
• Ubranization
• Smartness

Question 6

• What are the four pillars of a smart city?

Answer 6

1. Institutional infrastructure: governance of smart cities integrating public,
   private, civil, and national organizations when necessary to provide
   interoperation between services.
2. Physical infrastructure: natural resources and manufactured infrastructure
   ensuring sustainability of resources to continue city operations at present and
   future.
3. Social infrastructure: intellectual capital, human capital, and QoL.
4. Economic infrastructure: integration of advanced technologies that uplift the
   reliability and performance of economic management.

Question 7

• Smart city architecture

Answer 7

▶ Sensing layer: a collection of smart devices, WSN, and other data
capturing devices to capture all types of data;
▶ Transmission layer: a convergence of various communication networks
to connect data sources with management stations;
▶ Data management layer: a variety of data manipulating, organizing,
analyzing, storing, and decision-making tasks
▶ Application layer: various components in multiple domains to serve
citizens and the city.

Question 8

What are the considerations for a smart city project?

Answer 8

• location
• stakeholders= lighthouse city
• new tech
• intelligent transport
• energy useage and efficiency
• digital automation
• public security and resiliency
• sustainable processes and urbanizaton
• hybrid approached to manufacturing
• connected residents workers and visitors
• innocation
• economic impacts
• return on investment

Question 9

What are the funding sources and collaboration for smart city development?

Answer 9

Government-Level Funding
▶ Local-Level Funding
▶ Community-Focused Funding
▶ Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs)
▶ Loans and Municipal Bonds
▶ Private Funding
▶ User Charges and Pay for Performance
▶ Smart City Challenges and
Competitions
▶ Stay Creative and Vigilant for New
Funding Sources

Question 10

How to evaluate the performance of a smart city?

Answer 10

• Standardized indicators
• smartness model