L2: Salivary glands & Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion of which macromolecule begins in the oral cavity?

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What Governs Mastication?

A

Central Pattern Generator (CPG)

CPG is a group of neurons in the CNS that can automatically execute a complex motor act without the need for continuous sensory input

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3
Q

Three Phases of Mastication?

A
  • mouth opening
  • mouth closing
  • intercuspal phase (occlusion)
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4
Q

Muscles Involved in Mastication? (opening/closing)

A

Closing: Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoids

Opening: Lateral Pterygoids

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5
Q

Nerve that translates intention to chew from the chewing center in Brain to chweing machinery?

A

Trigerminal Motor Nuclei

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6
Q

Three main pair of salivary glands and their location?

A
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7
Q

Innervation of Salivary Glands?

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic: Trigerminalc (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Sympathetic:: Superior cervical ganglion

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8
Q

Characteristics of Parotid Salivary Gland?

A

Largest salivary gland primarily produces amylase. Serous cell only -> Watery Excretions

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9
Q

Characteristics of Submandibular Salivary Gland?

A

Produces ~2/3 of all saliva
Serous cells produce lysosyme
Mixed gland serous and mucus -> Watery/Mucousy Excretions

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10
Q

Characteristics of Sublingual Salivary Gland?

A

Smallest gland
Mucus excretions

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11
Q

Which salivary gland produces Amylase?

A

Parotid

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12
Q

Which salivary gland produces 2/3 of Saliva?

A

Submandibular

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13
Q

Which Salivary Gland Produces Lysosyme

What does this enzyme do?

A

Submandibular

Enzyme that catalyzes the destruction of the cell walls of bacteria

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14
Q

Functions of Saliva?

A

Functions:
• Prevention of desiccation
• Lubrication
• pH control
• Digestion
• Immunological

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15
Q

Composition of Saliva?

Amount produced daily?

A
  • Water and bicarbonate
  • Enzymes: Amylase, Lingual lipase, Bacterial DNAase/RNAase, Lysozyme, Immunoglobulins, Mucin
  • Epidermal Growth factor- maintenance of fungiform taste buds

750mls-1500ml

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16
Q

Function of striated ducts of salivary glands?

A

Saliva from acinus is isotonic, Striated ducts make saliva hypotonic:

  • lower Na+ and Cl- relative to plasma
  • increase K+ and bicarbonate due to ion exchange

Dependent on the rate of secretions. Flow increases => saliva becomes more HYPERTONIC (Less Na+ Cl- Exreted)

17
Q

Effects of Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Innervation of Salivary Glands?

A

Parasympathetic-> Increased volume secretion (More watery)

Sympathetic innervation -> Thickening of secretion

18
Q

Papilla with highest concentration of Taste Buds?

A

Vallate Papilla

19
Q

Papilla responsible for shaping boulus through friction?

A

Filiform Papilla

20
Q

How is taste differentiated?

A
21
Q

Detection of Salty Taste?

A

ENaC – amiloride sensitive epithelial sodium channel

22
Q

Detection of Sour Taste?

A

Protons/H+ ions block K+ channels

23
Q

Detection of Umami?

A

Glutamate Receptor

24
Q

Detection of Bitterness

A

K+ channels/ G- protein coupled receptors

25
Q

Detection of Sweetness

A

Specific G- protein coupled receptor

26
Q

Muscalaris Externa transistions from ______ to ______ muscle moving down the esophagus

A

Muscalaris Externa transistions from skeletal to smooth muscle moving down the esophagus