L2 - Public Health Values Flashcards
what is the WHO definition of health?
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
what is the history and definition of public health?
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organised efforts of society
what are the five ‘new public health’ movements?
- health protection
- preventative health care
- health promotion including health education
- healthy public policy
- community empowerment
what are the essential elements of public health? (5)
- population perspective
- collective responsibility
- focus on socio-economic determinants
- multi-disciplinary
- partnerships with populations
what are four public health practices?
- monitor, diagnose and investigate at community level
- inform, educate, empower people
- develop policies and place, enforce laws and regulations
- evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, quality; research for new insights and innovations
define dental public health
the science and art of preventing oral disease, promoting oral health, and improving the quality of life through the organised efforts of society
What are the dental public health competencies?
Scientific and clinical knowledge:
- epidemiology of oral health; oral health service delivery; public health research; oral disease prevention at population level; health needs analysis in community and public health settings
Patient [sic] care:
- designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating population oral health programmes
Cultural safety:
- understanding Te Tiriti o Waitangi; Wai2572; Māori world view; equity; cultural beliefs; impacts of racism and colonisation
What are the core public health values and principles?
- population perspective (foundations of a population could be geographical, specific populations, communities of interest)
- equity
- social justice
- participation
Describe the goofy rose: population health approach
Upper right section of a bell curve are the people at high risk. even if you cure all of them you still have everyone else in the population who are affected. in pop health we want to move the whole curve down to the left instead.
- often we do this by redefining what we consider to be high risk (eg. smoking gone down bc lots more smoking legislations in place)
- we shift the risk without changing the population
equity vs. equality (and what is liberation)
- equality is about opportunity
- equity is about everyone ending up on the same level/the same
- so for equity you have the same amount of resources but they need to be distributed differently
- liberation is complete removal of barriers so accomodations do not need to be made
what are health inequities?
health disparities that are judged to be unfair, unjust, avoidable and uneccesary (meaning: are neither inevitable nor irremediable)
Kreiger:
“health inequities are avoidable inequalities in health between groups of people within countries and between countries. these inequities arise form inequalities within and between societies.
how do we measure disparities/equity?
- life expectancy
- morbidity (disease, injury - distribution of diseases and risk factors across the population)
- deprivation
- utilisation of care
what does the dunedin study tell us about SES trajectory and how that affects your health
- tells us that what happens in childhood really matters
- even those who started off low SES and then got to high SES in adulthood still did worse than those who had high SES their whole life
define deprivation
- “observable and demonstrable disadvantage relative to the local community or the wider society or nation to which an individual, family or group belongs.”
- “the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society”
define social gradient
“the poorest of the poor, around the world, have the worst health. within countries the evidence shows hat in general the lower an individuals SES the worse their health. there is a social gradient in health that runs from top to bottom of the SES spectrum. this is a global phenomenon, seen in low, middle and high income countries. the social gradient of health means that health inequities affect everyone”
what is social justice
- helping people who can’t help themselves
- a response to inequity (our response to care for others for the good of society)
- requires those that have power to share it!!
- requires advocacy, courage and progress
what is social capital
how connected we feel in a society. its a protective health factor if you do feel connected
- common purpose builds trust within a group
describe the arnstein and modified green model of relationships
ladder from 1-8 (lowest being 1)
non-participation (1,2) - excluded:
1. manipulation
2. therapy
degrees of tokenism (3,4,5) - tokenism:
3. informing
4. consultation
5. placation
degrees of citizen power (6,7,8) - participation:
6. partnership
7. delegated power
8. citizen control
- tokenism is not necessarily a joint process, could be just getting even some information
- placation: hand picked ppl from the community to be on the committe
