L2: Pathology of the Mouth, Oral cavity, Oropharynx and Salivary Glands Flashcards
Histology of the Oral Cacvity?
Lined with variable thickness of stratified squamous epithelium (thickest- tongue), which overlies rich vascular connective tissue
Keratanised vs. Non-Keratinized Tissue of Oral cavity
Keratinised
○ tongue
○ gingiva (gum)
○ hard palate
Non-keratinised
○ Soft palate
○ Lips
○ Cheeks
○ Floor of mouth
Tooth degradation due to mineral dissolution?
Dental caries
Inflammation of the soft tissues around teeth?
Gingivitis
Inflammation affecting tooth supporting structures?
Periodontitis
Cause of Cold Sores?
What is this condition also known as?
HSV type 1 (mostly) and HSV type 2
Herpetic stomatitis
Types of Lesions associated with Herpetic stomatitis?
vesicles (little blisters)
bullae (big blisters)
shallow ulceration (roofless blisters)
What diffferentiated Oral Candidiasis from other plaque like oral conditions?
Can be scraped off!
What is the most common oral fungal infection?
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush/Moniliasis)
Demographic of patients typically infected w/ oral candidiasis?
Commonly seen in: Neonates, Diabetes, Neutropenia, Immunodeficiency
What oral disease does Epstein-Barr Virus cause?
Hairy Leukoplakia
EBV gene products drive excessive cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis
White patches of fluffy hyperkeratosis on lateral tongue borders that can’t be scraped off?
Hairy Leukoplakia
Seen in immunocompromised patients (may antedate progression to AIDS)
What are Canker Sores also known as?
Aphthous Stomatitis
•Very common, tend to recur
•Single or multiple small painful ulcers appear in the oral mucosa
Shallow ulcer on oral mucosa with grey, necrotic base and a haemorrhagic rim?
Aphthous stomatitis (Canker sores)
What conditions are cancer sores associated with?
coeliac disease + inflammatory bowel disease
Clinical term for general thickening of oral mucoa?
Leukoplakia (white plaque):
catch all for plaques not clinically characterized as any other disease
Hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium including:
*benign reactive epithelial thickenings
*precancerous genetically/epigenetically damaged highly atypical dysplasia
CANNOT be scraped off
What can cause Leukoplakia?
heavy cigarette smoking/chewing tobacco
heavy alcohol consumption
poor dental hygiene
poor fitting dentures
What leads to Glossitis?
What group often gets it?
Occurs in nutrient deficiency states (iron & B vitamins)
Patients undergoing chemotherapy often get as the therapy attacks rapidly dividing cells including epithelial
Characterstics of Erythroplakia?
Thin
Loss of differentiation
Transparent to underlying tissue
Red, velvety, relatively flat lesion
Less common that Leukoplakia
Represesnts 95% of all Head and Neck Cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Factors contributing to onset Oralpharygeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
•Sunlight
•Tobacco + Alcohol (Synergistic for 75% of cases)
•HPV types 6,16 and 18 (50% of posterior (oropharyngeal and tonsillar))
•Betel nut and paan chewing
•Genetic factors
Sigmund Froid died of
What virus is associated oralpharengeal cancers?
HPV types 6,16 and 18
Prognosis for tumours of the oral mucosa are best for ________ and poorest for ________
best with lip lesions
poorest with mouth floor and tongue base lesions
Histology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
