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SEM3: PATH30200 GI/GU Illness > L2: Pathology of the Mouth, Oral cavity, Oropharynx and Salivary Glands > Flashcards

L2: Pathology of the Mouth, Oral cavity, Oropharynx and Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Histology of the Oral Cacvity?

A

Lined with variable thickness of stratified squamous epithelium (thickest- tongue), which overlies rich vascular connective tissue

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2
Q

Keratanised vs. Non-Keratinized Tissue of Oral cavity

A

Keratinised
○ tongue
○ gingiva (gum)
○ hard palate

Non-keratinised
○ Soft palate
○ Lips
○ Cheeks
○ Floor of mouth

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3
Q

Tooth degradation due to mineral dissolution?

A

Dental caries

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4
Q

Inflammation of the soft tissues around teeth?

A

Gingivitis

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5
Q

Inflammation affecting tooth supporting structures?

A

Periodontitis

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6
Q

Cause of Cold Sores?

What is this condition also known as?

A

HSV type 1 (mostly) and HSV type 2

Herpetic stomatitis

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7
Q

Types of Lesions associated with Herpetic stomatitis?

A

vesicles (little blisters)
bullae (big blisters)
shallow ulceration (roofless blisters)

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8
Q

What diffferentiated Oral Candidiasis from other plaque like oral conditions?

A

Can be scraped off!

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9
Q

What is the most common oral fungal infection?

A

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush/Moniliasis)

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10
Q

Demographic of patients typically infected w/ oral candidiasis?

A

Commonly seen in: Neonates, Diabetes, Neutropenia, Immunodeficiency

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11
Q

What oral disease does Epstein-Barr Virus cause?

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

EBV gene products drive excessive cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis

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12
Q

White patches of fluffy hyperkeratosis on lateral tongue borders that can’t be scraped off?

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

Seen in immunocompromised patients (may antedate progression to AIDS)

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13
Q

What are Canker Sores also known as?

A

Aphthous Stomatitis

•Very common, tend to recur
•Single or multiple small painful ulcers appear in the oral mucosa

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14
Q

Shallow ulcer on oral mucosa with grey, necrotic base and a haemorrhagic rim?

A

Aphthous stomatitis (Canker sores)

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15
Q

What conditions are cancer sores associated with?

A

coeliac disease + inflammatory bowel disease

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16
Q

Clinical term for general thickening of oral mucoa?

A

Leukoplakia (white plaque):

catch all for plaques not clinically characterized as any other disease

Hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium including:
*benign reactive epithelial thickenings
*precancerous genetically/epigenetically damaged highly atypical dysplasia

CANNOT be scraped off

17
Q

What can cause Leukoplakia?

A

heavy cigarette smoking/chewing tobacco
heavy alcohol consumption
poor dental hygiene
poor fitting dentures

18
Q

What leads to Glossitis?

What group often gets it?

A

Occurs in nutrient deficiency states (iron & B vitamins)

Patients undergoing chemotherapy often get as the therapy attacks rapidly dividing cells including epithelial

19
Q

Characterstics of Erythroplakia?

A

Thin
Loss of differentiation
Transparent to underlying tissue
Red, velvety, relatively flat lesion

Less common that Leukoplakia

20
Q

Represesnts 95% of all Head and Neck Cancers?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

21
Q

Factors contributing to onset Oralpharygeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

•Sunlight
•Tobacco + Alcohol (Synergistic for 75% of cases)
•HPV types 6,16 and 18 (50% of posterior (oropharyngeal and tonsillar))
•Betel nut and paan chewing
•Genetic factors

Sigmund Froid died of

22
Q

What virus is associated oralpharengeal cancers?

A

HPV types 6,16 and 18

23
Q

Prognosis for tumours of the oral mucosa are best for ________ and poorest for ________

A

best with lip lesions
poorest with mouth floor and tongue base lesions

24
Q

Histology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A
25
Q

Pathogenesis/Progression of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Over-expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) -> Hyperplasia/Hyper Keratosis -> Mild then Severe Dysplasia -> Loss of P53 (Tumour Supressor) -> SCCC

26
Q

What is Prognostic/Theraputic for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Lymph Node Block Dissection

27
Q

Location/Secretion of each major Salivary Gland

A
28
Q

Inflamation of the Salivary Glands?

A

Sialadenitis

29
Q

Causes of Acute Sialadenitis?

A

Bacterial:
Secondary to ductal obstruction
Retrograde entry of oral bacteria
LOCAL
UNILATERAL

Viral
Mumps Virus infection
SYSTEMIC
BI-LATERAL

30
Q

Causes of Chronic Sialadentitis?

A

Inflammation
Sjorgren Syndrome (Autoimune)
Radiation
GVHD
Dental Caries: Damage glands => hyposecretion of saliva

31
Q

Most common salivary gland lesion?

A

Mucoceles

Most common salivary gland lesions
Result from ductal blockage or rupture w/ saliva leakage into surrounding tissue
Located on lower lip
Treatment: excision - recurrent if incomplete

32
Q

Most Common Salivary Gland Tumour?

80% in parotid

Characteristics?
Treatment?

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

(BENIGN)

Translocation with PLAG1 activation which promotes growth factor
Proliferation problem => NON INVASIVE
Benign, and are painless, slow-growing, mobile, discrete masses
Treatment:Surgical Removal

33
Q

Benign tumour commonly found in parotid salival gland associated with smokers?

A

Warthin’s tumour

Histologically well encapsulated, consisting of glandular spaces lined by a double layer of epithelial cells separated by a dense lymphoid stroma
34
Q

Most Common Primary Malignant Salivary Tumour?

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Agressive Behavior
Lacks well definied capsule
Histology: Cords/Sheet/Cystic arrangement of Squamous Mucous

35
Q

Pathology of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?

Histology?

A

More common in MINOR salivary glands
Slow growing, recurrent, relentless => Usually fatal
Invades Pewrineural Spaces (Hides within nerves)

Histology:small tumour cells w/ scant cytoplasm arranged in tubular or cribiform (net-like) poatterns

36
Q

Malignant salivary gland tumor that resembles normal salivary serous cells?

A

Acinic Cell Carcinoma

SEM3: PATH30200 GI/GU Illness (5 decks)

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