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Swallowing > L2 Normal Swallow Anatomy > Flashcards

L2 Normal Swallow Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the bones and hard structures that are important structures and landmarks in swallowing

A
  • maxillary palatal arch
  • mandible
  • ramus of mandible
  • cervical vertebra (1-7)
  • hyoid
  • dentition
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2
Q

Describe the maxillary palatal arch

A
  • forms the roof of the mouth and opposes the tongue

- has 3 sections, palatine rugae, hard palate and soft palate

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3
Q

Why is the rams of the mandible an important landmark?

A

On VFS when the bolus reaches the ramus that is when the pharyngeal swallow commences

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4
Q

The mandible is _______ during chewing and ___________ during swallowing

A

hinged

fixed

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5
Q

What structure is typically located at the level of C5-6

A

upper esophageal sphincter

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6
Q

Why do we need to consider the cervical vertebrae in relation to swallowing?

A
  • they serve as certain landmarks for swallowing

- cervical bony growth may impede swallowing

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7
Q

the __________ is unique in cervical vertebrae

A

transverse foramen

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8
Q

What is C1 called?

A

atlas

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9
Q

What is C2 called?

A

axis

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10
Q

What is the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

articulation between the atlas and occipital bone

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11
Q

What movements are permitted at the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

flexion
extension
lateroflexion

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12
Q

The hyoid bone is anchored by ligaments to the _______ of the ______ bones of the skull

A

styloid process

temporal

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13
Q

Movement of the hyoid allows the _________ to passively relax and close the airway

A

epiglottis

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14
Q

What are the 4 categories of teeth

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • premolars
  • molars
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15
Q

What process occurs if someone loses their teeth?

A

bone resorption and so the alveolar ridge diminishes

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16
Q

Sensation from chewing force, speed, and duration and how your jaw makes the excursion come from which cranial nerve

A

V - trigeminal

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17
Q

Children have _____ teeth and adults have _____ teeth (including wisdom)

A

20

32

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18
Q

What are the four quadrants of the teeth

A

upper left
upper right
lower left
lower right

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19
Q

What is the function of premolars?

A

crushing and grinding

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20
Q

What is a functional pair in relation to teeth?

A

A functional pair consists of a bottom tooth and the top tooth that meets it

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21
Q

Fewer than 8 functional pairs of teeth can have a negative effect on _________

A

chewing effectively

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22
Q

What is a Class I occlusion

A

normal

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23
Q

What is a class II malocclusion

A

over bite

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24
Q

What is a class III malocclusion

A

under bite

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25
List the cartilages that are important structures and landmarks in swallowing
``` thyroid cricoid cricoid lamina epiglottis arytenoids ```
26
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
27
Describe the epiglottis
- it has a cartilaginous base and soft tissue tip that rests behind the tongue base - composed to elastic cartilage - main layer of protection against choking
28
Describe the attachment of the epiglottis
it attaches anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage just above the VFs via the thyroepiglottic ligament
29
What is the function of the arytenoids?
move and control the tension within the VFs
30
Describe the movement of arytenoids during swallowing
they move forward to touch the base of the epiglottis during swallowing
31
Describe the 3 layers of protection for the larynx during swallowing
1) epiglottis closes opening 2) VFs close 3) arytenoids move forward
32
List the soft tissues/muscle groups that are important structures and landmarks in swallowing
``` lips face tongue (tip, blade, root) soft palate faucial pillars strap muscles posterior pharyngeal wall UES esophagus ```
33
What muscle surrounds the upper and lower lips
orbicularis oris
34
what are the three types of papillae that have taste buds
foliate papillae fungiform papillae (circum)vallate papillae
35
Describe filiform papillae
- cone shaped - don't contain taste buds - for mechanical purposes
36
Describe circumvallate papillae
-aligned in v-shape at back of tongue just in front of the sulcus terminalis
37
Describe fungiform papillae
- shaped like small mushrooms | - mainly on dorsal surface and slightly on sides
38
Describe foliate papillae
ridges and grooves in the side of the tongue
39
The ________ of the tongue consists of the anterior two thirds and the __________ consists of the posterior one third
oral part | pharyngeal part
40
Once the bolus reaches the _________ this starts the pharyngeal swallow
anterior faucial pillar
41
____________ start at the level of the soft palate and continue to the level of the UES
pharyngeal constrictor muscles
42
What are the points of insertion of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?
sphenoid, soft palate, base of tongue and mandible
43
What are the points of insertion of the middle pharyngeal constrictor
hyoid
44
What are the points of insertion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
45
The ____________ muscle forms part of the USE
cricopharyngeus
46
At rest, the cricopharyngeus muscle is __________
contracted
47
The UES is comprised of 3 sets of muscles, what are they?
- lower fibers of inferior pharyngeal constrictor - cricopharngeus muscle - upper fibers of esophagus
48
Describe the esophagus
24cm long tube that connects mouth to stomach | -it is empty and collapsed at rest
49
What are the three layers of the esophagus
- inner mucosal - inner circular - outer longitudinal
50
List the oral and pharyngeal spaces that are important structures and landmarks in swallowing
- anterior and lateral sulci - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx - valleculae and pyriform sinuses - laryngeal vestibule - laryngeal ventricle
51
What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx
-extends from base of skull to the top of the soft palate
52
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx
- extends from upper surface of uvula to the tip of the epiglottis - ant border is posterior aspect of tongue - lateral and post borders are the middle and part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
53
What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
-extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the UES
54
Describe the valleculae
-natural space formed between the base of tongue and the epiglottis (one on each side)
55
Describe the pyriform sinuses
2 pockets formed bilaterally that are present during rest but also more prominent during swallowing -medial border is aryepiglottic folds
56
List the salivary gland the are important in swallowing
parotid sublingual submandibular
57
All the saliva glands together produce saliva at a rate of ________ during rest and _______ during active secretion
0.1mL/min | 4mL/min
58
Total saliva secretion per day =
0.75 - 1.5 Ls
59
The parotid gland produces ____% of saliva
25%
60
The sublingual gland produces ______% of saliva
5%
61
The submandibular gland produces _____% of saliva
up to 70%
62
Describe the parotid glands
- produce serous fluid only - largest set of glands - located in posterior and inferior cheeks, over ramus of mandible
63
Describe the sublingual glands
- produce mainly mucous + a little serous - considered a 'mixed gland' - located immediately beneath the mucosal surface of floor of mouth, along internal surface of jaw
64
Describe the submandibular glands
- responsible for most of oral secretions - produce both serous and mucous - a mixed gland - located under mandible
65
Salivary flow is controlled directly by _________ stimulation and indirectly by ___________ stimulation
sympathetic | parasympathetic
66
Saliva is ____% liquid
99
67
What are the components in saliva
- liquid - enzyme that breaks down starch - serous
68
what are the three function of saliva
1) antibacterial and antacid properties prevent tooth decay and infections 2) incorporating saliva into food makes bolus more manageable 3) saliva keeps oral mucosa moist which reduces friction along the path of the bolus and aids in swallow process
69
What is the difference between penetration and residue?
anything within the aryepiglottic folds is considered penetration, and anything outside is considered residue

Swallowing (15 decks)

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