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PSB 3340 Exam 1 > L2: Neurons > Flashcards

L2: Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

Principle part of a multipolar neuron that serves as extension and receptive surfaces of a cell that receives messages from other cells

A

dendrites

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2
Q

Principle region of a neuron that contains the cell nucleus

A

soma (cell body)

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3
Q

Principle part of a multipolar neuron that is a single extension leading away from the cell body; transmits the cell’s output information in the form of electrical impulses

A

axon

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4
Q

Principle part of a multipolar neuron that are specialized swellings at the ends of axon; transmit the neuron’s activity to other cells at synapses; aka?

A

axon terminals/terminal buttons/boutons

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5
Q

Label:

A
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6
Q

“Purpose” of neurons

3 “steps”?

A

communication

receive info from environment –> translate –> generate a response

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7
Q

form of neural communication between neurons

A

Intercellular

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8
Q

form of neural communication within one neuron

A

Intracellular

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9
Q

__________ communication: sends “messages” in the form of chemical substances called __________

A

Intercellular communication: sends “messages” in the form of chemical substances called neurotransmitters

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10
Q

messages are sent across a _______, a junction bw the sending neuron & the receiving neuron with _________ communication

A

messages are sent across a synapse, a junction bw the sending neuron & the receiving neuron with Intercellular communication

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11
Q

brief, electrical/chemical events that travel from the receiving part of the neuron to the sending part of that same neuron?

Occurs within ________ communication

A

action potentials; intracellular communication

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12
Q

Label the Major Parts of the Neuron:

A
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13
Q

Major part of the neuron where neurons collect and integrate information, from the environment or from other cells

Parts?

A

Input Zone; dendrites & cell body

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14
Q

Major part of the neuron where the decision to produce a neural signal is made

Parts?

A

Integration Zone; axon hillock

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15
Q

Major part of the neuron where information can be transmitted over great distances

Parts?

A

Axon

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16
Q

Major part of the neuron where the neuron transfers information to other cells

Parts?

A

Output zone; axon terminals

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17
Q

The most common principle type of neurons that has many dendrites and a single axon

A

multipolar axon

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18
Q

One of the 3 principle types of neurons that have a single dendrite at one end of the cell and a single axon at the other end

A

Bipolar Neuron

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19
Q

One of the 3 principle types of neurons that have a single axon extension that branches in 2 directions after leaving the cell body

A

Unipolar Neuron

20
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

Usually 1/neuron, w/ many terminal branches

A

Axon

21
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

Usually many/neuron

A

dendrite

22
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

Uniform diameter until start of terminal branching

A

axon

23
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

Diameter that tapers progressively toward ending

A

dendrite

24
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

axon hillock present

A

axon

25
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

present myelin sheath

A

axon

26
Q

Axon/Dendrite?

lenght ranging from practically nonexistent to several meters long

A

axon

27
Q

difference in charge across membrane of the cell; inside of cell is negative compared to outside

A

membrane potential

28
Q

charge of a cell at rest; NOT receiving any NT; ~ 60mV

A

resting potential

29
Q

term used when the inside of a cell is made more positive in regards to the outside

A

depolarization

30
Q

term used when the inside of a cell is made more negative in regards to the outside

A

hyperpolarization

31
Q

process of making the inside of a cell from @ rest (very negative) to very positive; a complete reversal of charge

A

action potential

32
Q

Label the concentration of ions across the membrane at rest:

A
33
Q

type of passage that allows ions to move in any direction within the cell

A

ion channels

34
Q

Label steps of Action Potential:

A
35
Q

How many and which direction do Na+ & K+ flow in the Na+/K+ pump?

Amount of neuron’s energy Na+/K+ pump uses?

A

3 Na+ flow out

2 K+ flow in

2/3

36
Q

fatty insulation around an axon, formed by glial cells that improves the speed of conduction of nerve impulses

A

myelin

37
Q

What allows for Saltatory Conduction in an action potential?

A

Myelinated neuron

38
Q

gap bw successive segments of the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed

A

nodes of ranvier

39
Q

2 Advantages of saltatory conduction:

A

Saves energy, faster nc reduced need Na+/K+ pumps

40
Q

3 types of Supporting Cells?

A

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

41
Q

type of glial cell that attach to blood vessels, regulating more blood flow to provide more supplies to neurons when they are active

A

astrocyte

42
Q

2 types of glial cells that form myelin and where are they located?

A

oligodendrocytes- CNS

Schwann Cells- PNS

43
Q

type of glial cell that remove cellular debris from injured/dead cells

A

microglia

44
Q

Old Thinking: Neuroglia =

why?

A

“nerve glue”

  • shelter neurons from the rest of the body as housekeepers & they do not transmit “information”
45
Q

New Glia Thinking:

Gliotransmission: _________ show fluctuation in ______ leading to transmitter release & influences membrane potential of neurons

A

Gliotransmission: Astrocytes show fluctuation in calcium leading to transmitter release & influences membrane potential of neurons

46
Q

gaps that permit the free flow of substances into and out of the blood; protects the brain from toxins

A

PSB 3340 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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