L2-L3

Question 1

What is the Software Crisis?

Answer 1

A period in the history of software development characterized by significant challenges in creating and maintaining software systems

The Software Crisis highlights the difficulties faced by the software industry during its evolution.

Question 2

Define Software Development.

Answer 2

A systematic process that outlines the phases a software project goes through from initiation to completion and maintenance

It includes various core tasks essential for successful software delivery.

Question 3

List the core tasks of Software Development.

Answer 3

• Analysis
• Design
• Construction
• Testing
• Delivery
• Management

Each task plays a crucial role in the software development lifecycle.

Question 4

What is Software Architecture?

Answer 4

The high-level structure of a software system, defining its components and their interactions

It sets the foundation for the design and implementation phases of software development.

Question 5

What is Reference Architecture?

Answer 5

The set of principal decisions applicable to multiple related systems within an application domain

It includes explicitly defined points of variation.

Question 6

What are Design Decisions?

Answer 6

Choices made during the creation or planning phase of a system

These decisions influence the system’s architecture and functionality.

Question 7

Define Principal in the context of software design.

Answer 7

Critical or fundamental choices that influence the overall architecture, functionality, or behavior of a system

These decisions are often foundational to the system’s success.

Question 8

What does Temporal refer to in design decisions?

Answer 8

Choices made/unmade over time related to periods within a system

Temporal aspects can affect the evolution and maintenance of software.

Question 9

What is Requirements Engineering?

Answer 9

The process of gathering, documenting, analyzing, prioritizing, validating, and managing requirements throughout the project lifecycle

It ensures that the final product meets the intended needs.

Question 10

Define Software Requirements.

Answer 10

Specifications that define what a software system should accomplish and how it should behave

Requirements serve as a guideline for development.

Question 11

What are Functional Requirements?

Answer 11

Describe the specific tasks and functionalities that the software system must perform

They are essential for defining the system’s capabilities.

Question 12

What are Non-Functional Requirements?

Answer 12

Describe the behaviors and characteristics that the software must possess

These include performance, security, and usability aspects.

Question 13

What is UML?

Answer 13

A standardized way to visualize the design of a system

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is widely used for software design.

Question 14

What does a Use Case Diagram represent?

Answer 14

Visually represents the interactions between actors and the functionalities of the system being developed

It helps in understanding functional requirements.

Question 15

What does ‘Include’ mean in Use Case Diagrams?

Answer 15

Adds mandatory functionality and represents additional behaviors always part of the base use case

It ensures that certain functions are always executed.

Question 16

What does ‘Extends’ mean in Use Case Diagrams?

Answer 16

Adds additional functionality that is optional

It allows for flexibility in the design.

Question 17

What is Generalization in Use Case Diagrams?

Answer 17

Passes along characteristics and behaviors of use cases and actors

It promotes reusability in the design.

Question 18

What is a Requirements Traceability Matrix?

Answer 18

Provides accountability to project requirements by mapping the relationship between requirements, architecture, and project work

RTM is critical for ensuring that all requirements are addressed.

Question 19

List the components of a Requirements Traceability Matrix.

Answer 19

• Requirement ID
• Requirement Description
• Source
• Status

Each component serves to track and manage requirements effectively.

Question 20

What is the purpose of Requirement ID in RTM?

Answer 20

A unique identifier for each requirement

It ensures that each requirement can be distinctly referenced.

Question 21

What does Requirement Description entail?

Answer 21

A clear statement of what the requirement entails

It provides a detailed understanding of the requirement.

Question 22

What does Source indicate in RTM?

Answer 22

Where the requirement originated from (e.g., stakeholder, regulation)

It helps in understanding the context and importance of the requirement.

Question 23

What does Status refer to in RTM?

Answer 23

Current status of the requirement (e.g., In Progress, Completed, Verified)

It tracks the progress of each requirement throughout the project.

Question 24

What is the RTM process?

Answer 24

1. Requirement Identification
2. Traceabbility Links
3. Bidirectional Traceability
4. Change Management
5. Quality Assurance
6. Communication/Collaboration

Question 25

Define the following terms? Class Name Attributes Methods/Operations

Answer 25

* Class Name: Representing an entity or concept in the system. * Attributes: Characteristics or properties of the class (e.g., name, email, price). Attributes represent the state of the class. * Methods/Operations: Functions or behaviors the class can perform. Methods represent the behavior of the class.

Question 26

What is association, generation, aggregation and composition?

Answer 26

Association 📌 Definition: A general relationship between two or more classes where objects interact but do not "own" each other. 2. Aggregation (Weak Relationship) 📌 Definition: A "whole-part" relationship where the part can exist independently of the whole. 3. Composition (Strong Relationship) 📌 Definition: A stronger form of aggregation where the "part" cannot exist without the "whole." 4. Generalization (Inheritance - "is-a") 📌 Definition: A relationship where a subclass inherits properties and behavior from a superclass.

Question 27

What are the signs for public, private and protected?

Answer 27

public(+) private(-) protected(#)