L2: Homeostasis Flashcards
Define homeostasis
maintaining the balance of the internal environment
maintenance of the physiological balance of the organism by coordination of the functions of the organs such as lung, brain and heart.
The sustainability of homeostasis depends on performing certain functions by the interstitial fluid:
- Carrying the substances needed to generate energy by the cells,
- Disposal of waste products that occur during energy generation,
- It is to keep the cell environment at the most appropriate limits in terms of liquid volume, distribution and composition in a way to support energy formation processes.
Extracellular fluid is carried throughout the body in two stages:
- It’s the movement of blood in the circulatory system
- circulatory system continuously mixes the internal fluid by pumping blood into the vessels.
As the blood passes through the capillaries, the liquid part is ensured to be constantly exchanged between the intercellular fluid and blood.
How does the circulatory system provide the blood required by the organism in all changing conditions?
by autoregulation
For example, when metabolic residues are removed at the cell level, blood flow is increased by autoregulation and the area is cleared of residual substances.
This mechanism is regulated by changing the heart work and vessel diameter.
Nervous system function and role in homeostasis
- It manages the muscles, thereby allowing movement.
- It controls the functions of the internal organs and provides the inner and outer environment to be felt.
- It provides the ability to create favorable conditions for survival by creating intelligence.
Endocrine glands role in homeostasis
- It releases hormones that control many cell functions, such as growth, metabolic rate, and many special reproductive activities.
- Endocrine hormones are carried to all cells of the body, including the nervous system, in the circulatory system, binding to receptors and initiating many reactions. Some endocrine hormones affect all cells of the body.
- For example; growth hormone allows growth in many parts of the body, thyroxine increases the rate of chemical reactions in almost all body cells.
Kidneys role in homeostasis
- Regulating the composition of the blood and extracellular fluid by regulating the H ion balance,
By regulating the Na , - It helps maintain homeostasis by regulating urine volume and concentration.
Respiratory system role in homeostasis
- provides oxygen to the extracellular fluid.
- removes the carbon dioxide formed by the cells from the blood to the alveoli and then to the external environment.
Digestive system role in homeostasis
- Foods turned into carbohydrate, fatty acids and amino acids in the blood are absorbed into the extracellular fluid to be used for the growth and renewal of the body’s energy needs.
- Not all of the substances absorbed from the digestive system can be used by cells, the liver changes the composition of these substances, making them usable by the cell.
- These nutrients, which are broken down / modified, are either used for energy immediately or stored in some tissues for later use.
- The liver and pancreas work together to regulate glucose concentration.
Role of immune system in homeostasis
- The bacteria the body encounters every day acts as a regulatory system by providing defense against viruses.
- skin protects the body from dehydration and injuries
Role of reproductive system in homeostasis
provides the formation of new creatures. In a new body, trillions of new cells can exist in a well-organized indoor environment. In this respect, the reproductive system can be considered a homeostatic mechanism.
Role of muscular system in homeostasis
It provides movement at the right time, in the right way and in the right way to protect the body from adverse conditions and meet the requirements.
HOMEOSTASIS DISORDER CONDITIONS AND RISK FACTORS
Malnutrition
Age
Life style
Stress
Psychological factors
Depression
Alcohol-smoke cigarette
Drug addiction
Bacterial, virus and fungal infections
nursing management of homeostasis
- main purpose of all nursing care practices is to support the organism to maintain the balance between the internal and external environment of the organism and to maintain the deteriorated balance in the event of disease.
- Health education to control these by knowing the risk factors that disrupt the organism’s balance
- When balance is impaired, medical and care interventions are needed to bring the organism back into balance.
- maintenance practices to prevent the development of complications that will damage the organism when the balance is impaired
- Supporting the individual in the adaptation process to the deteriorated balance
- Individual and family trainings have responsibilities to ensure that the balance does not deteriorate once it is established.
