L2 Heart

Question 1

Arterial insufficiency and ulcer

Answer 1

Pain: contant and sharp pain to claudication
Pulse : diminish
Skin: dry shiny skin

Arterial ulcer
Location: tip of toes
Pain: very pain
Appearancew: black and dry
No or minimal edema

Question 2

Venous insufficiency

Answer 2

Pain: achy and cramp
Pulse: have but weak
Skin: reddish blue, dermatitis

Venous ulcer:
Location: ankle
Pain: little
Location: not specific

Question 3

Assesment to patient w/ peripheral arterial sufficiency

Answer 3

Health history
Risk factors
s/s of arterial insufficiency
Claudication
Pain
Skin change

Question 4

Diagnosis for arterial insufficiency

Answer 4

• Altered peripheral tissue perfusion
• Chronic pain
• Risk for impaired skin integrity
• Knowledge deficient

Question 5

Plannign for arterial sufficiency

Answer 5

Protection of extremities
Low fat diet
Weight reduction

Question 6

Intervention to improve arterial circulation

Answer 6

Exercise like walk
Positioning strategies—> rise up lower extremities
No smoke
Stress reduction
Elastic socks
Avoid prolonged sitting

Question 7

Varicose vein- preventive measures

Answer 7

Avoid socks that are too tight
Elevste leg above heart
Weight loss

Question 8

Pulmonary edema patho+s/s

Answer 8

Accumulation of fluid
Patho:
1. left ventricle blood overload
2. Pressure increase in pulmonary system
3. Water move out of cappilary to interstitial space of alveoli
4. Hypoxemia

S/s : restlessness, anxiety, dyspnea, cool skin, increased sputum, less consciousness

Question 9

Nursing management of pulmonary edema

Answer 9

Positioning- to reduce venous return to heart
Medication- provide diuretic

Question 10

Inspect Jugular venous pressure

Answer 10

At semi-fowler
Vein not visible- right side of heart normal functioning👌🏼
Visible:
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
IV fluid overflow

Question 11

Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Answer 11

Medication: aspirin, morphine, beta-blocker

Oxygen therapy

Bed rest for 12-24hrs

Thrombolytic therapy 溶栓治療

Question 12

通波仔英文+definition

Answer 12

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Surgery that a catheter is placed inside a coronary artery

Question 13

搭橋手術英文+definition

Answer 13

Coronary artery bypass graft

Blood vessel is grafted to a distal part to bypass lesion or obstructed section

Question 14

Postoperative care for cardiac surgical patient

Answer 14

Neurological test
1. Lvl of responsiveness
2. Pupil
3. Pain
4. Movement

Skin colour/ temperature
Tu
NG tube to avoid stomach compress

Question 15

Diagnosis of ACS patient

Answer 15

Acute pain related to increased myocardial oxygen demand
Risk of cardiac tissue perfussion
Risk of imbalanced fluid volume
Anxiety

Question 16

Planning for ACS

Answer 16

Relief of pain
Maintain adequate tissue perfusion
Prevention of myocardial damage
Reduce anxiety
Patient’s adherence to self-care program

Question 17

Nursing management for ACS/ MI

Answer 17

Oxygen and medication therapy
Bed rest with rising bed head
Pain relief to reduce heart workload
Monitor I/O chart
Frequent postioning

Question 18

3 valvular disorder

Answer 18

Regurtitation 倒流
Valve not properly closed-> blood backflow

Stenosis 收窄
Valve nit completely open hence blood flow reduced

Valve prolapse 垂鬆
Stretch of valve

Question 19

Nursing management for valvular disorder

Answer 19

Monitor of complications
(Heart failure)
(Dysrhymias)

Monitor weight gain
Activity with rest period
Sleep with rised head

Question 20

Assesment of vascular/ lymphatic disorder

Answer 20

Health history
Physical assesment

Peripheral pulse
(Popliteal artery 膝頭後面
Posterior tibial artery腳眼後面
Dorsalis pedis腳背

Location of pain