L2- Flow Mechanics From Air To Cell

Question 1

Simple Diffusion features

Aka: FLUX

Answer 1

Passive process- No ATP required
Down conc gradient (fluid)
Down partial pressure (gas)
Only v small molecules can pass through this easily
E.g. C02, 02 and lipid soluble substances

Question 2

Flow- features

Answer 2

Requires ATP

E.G. Blood moving through capillaries

Question 3

Movement of gases in and out of alveolus

Answer 3

VENTILATION

Question 4

Ficks Law

Answer 4

Membrane factors - determines how much of a gas can pass through a membrane
Or
Rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is
-DP to SA
-DP to conc gradient
- IP to thickness of membrane

Question 5

Diffusion Coefficient

Answer 5

Depends on solubility and molecular weight of gas

Question 6

How are gases carried in the blood

Answer 6

• Plasma
• Chemically altered/modified
• Protein bound

Question 7

Why do we need bulk/CONVECTIVE flow

Answer 7

Because diffusion is only good over short distances

Terrible over long distance- would take way too long

Question 8

Flow equation

Answer 8

Change in pressure \ resistance

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

LHS

Pumping oxygenated blood to RHS

Question 10

E.g. Of where flow is needed in the body

Answer 10

In RS and CVS- partial pressure gradients are created- ATP needed for this to occur

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Net movement of water over a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute conc) to area of low water potential (high solute conc).

Question 12

How to STOP osmosis

Answer 12

Make membrane impermeable

Make the concentration of solutés equal on both sides -

Question 13

Reverse osmosis

Answer 13

Reverse!!

Question 14

Tonicity

Answer 14

The ability of extra cellular solution to make water move in or out of a cell

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

Conc of solute is same inside and outside cell
Thus no osmosis occurs
Cell size stays the same

Question 16

Hypotonic

Answer 16

Solute conc is greater inside the cell
Water molecules can move in and out
BUT: will find it harder to move out as the solute molecules will be blocking them
Thus more water molecules move IN
Cell size increases as water moves INTO cell by osmosis

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

Higher solute concentration outside cell
Water molecules move in and out
But will find it harder to move in as solute molecules block them
Thus more will move OUT by osmosis
Cell size decreases

How to remeber : hypertonic : e for exit : OUTSIDE

Question 18

Clinical application of tonicity

Answer 18

?