L2 Bioenergetics and metabolism

Question 1

define Bioenergetics

Answer 1

Flow and exchange of energy within a living system

Question 2

Define metabolism

Answer 2

Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 3

what is the role of:
1. Receptor
2. Central Integrator
3. Effector organ 
in a bio control system

Answer 3

1. Detects changes in variables
2. Assesses inputs and initiates response
3. Changes the internal environment back to normal

Question 4

What do enzymes do?

Answer 4

Catalyze reaction by lowering activation energy.

Question 5

What effect does pH and temp have on enzymes?

Answer 5

Each has an optimal

Enzymes denature after this. eg past 40oC

Question 6

What are the high energy phosphates?

Answer 6

ATP

ADP

Question 7

What is the relationship between exercise intensity/ duration and pathways responsible for ATP production?

Answer 7

At rest - aerobic respiration produces ATP. Blood lactate levels are low.
Rest to Exercise - Initial ATP production is from glycolysis and ATP-PC system.
High intensity short term = ATP-PC. Mid term = glycolysis. Long term = ATP-PC and glycolysis
Long low intensity = aerobic system

Question 8

What happens to VO2 @ rest-to-exercise?

Answer 8

There is an oxygen deficit which then increases to steady state Vo2

Question 9

What is oxygen deficit?

Answer 9

A lack in oxygen uptake when first beginning exercise

Question 10

Why will a trained athlete have a lower O2 deficit?

Answer 10

More rapid increase in muscle bioenergetics. Increase in cardiac output.

Question 11

What are the reason for the lactate threshold?

Answer 11

Low muscle O2
Accelerated glycolysis
Recruiting fast twitch fibres
Reduced rate of lactate removal

Question 12

What is the lactate threshold higher for trained athletes?

Answer 12

Genetic specifics. Low muscle o2. Specific training that favours less lactate production. More rapid rate of lactate removal

Question 13

What is the lactate threshold?

Answer 13

The point at which blood lactic acid rises systematically during incremental exercise. Also known as OBLA

Question 14

What is EPOC? and what does it do?

Answer 14

excess post exercise oxygen consumption. keeps a high level of oxygen coming into the body to replace oxygen debt

Question 15

What are the factors that contribute to EPOC?

Answer 15

resynthesis of ATP and PCr
Oxidise lactate in energy metabolism
Restore O2 to myoglobin and blood
Thermogenic effects of elevated core temp

Question 16

What is a strategy for enhancing recovery of blood lactate and how?

Answer 16

Active recovery
increases blood perfusion through the liver, heart and ventilatory muscles. Increases blood flow through the skeletal muscles

Question 17

What is the relationship between workload and O2 uptake at maximal exercise

Answer 17

As work load increases, Vo2 will increase to a peak and then will plateau. This peak is your VO2max

Question 18

What is the relationship between workload and blood lactate at maximal exercise ? Difference between trained an untrained?

Answer 18

Untrained –> lactate increases steadily to threshold then increases dramatically
Trained = the same but threshold is reached at a later point when they are working harder. The increase also increases to a higher point