L2-3 Causes of Cell Injury and Reversible Cell Injury Flashcards by Kassie-Lynn Miyataki

What is the causes of cell inury?

Ischemia - reduction of vascular perfusion
* Kidney
* pale area
* ischemia/necrotic - obstruction of blood supply to the area susceptible to infarcts d/t anatomy only one a w/multiple branches entering kidney

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Anemia - Reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes
* i.e. parasites in the abomasum of sheep –> pale mucuous membrane d/t blood loss

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Ischemia - Reduction of vasuclar perfusion
* Right v Left - cyanosis d/t obstruction in iliac artery - saddle thrombus - causes clinical signs in hindlimb

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What is the causes of cell injury?

CO2 Poisoning
* Cherry red blood d/t higher affinity for Hb v O2

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Mechanical Trauma
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Damage to blood vessels w/secondary hemorrhage

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Electric Shock
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* O2 deficiency secondary to caridac arrest

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Extreme Temperature
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Buring - severely high temp leads to necrosis

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Extreme Temperature
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Buring - severely high temp leads to necrosis

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Immersion Foot Syndrome in Horses
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite

AKA Trench Foot Syndrome
Prolonged exposure to cold and wetness leads to casoconstriction
Lesions distal to water line
Ulceration and hemorrhage

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Exotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

toxin released in blood circulation, acts in distant sites
cauded by toxin that produces E. coli
Injury to endothelial cells - permeability increases - leakage of fluid to extracellular tissues causing edema

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Endotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Salmonellosis - mucosa dark green d/t necrosis of epithelial cell (cellular debris seen in yellow layer)

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Endotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Shipping fever in cattle
inflammation
release enzymes

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Herpes Virus in Cattle
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Are obligate intracellular parasites
Areas of loss of tissue in black

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Canine Parvovirus
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

small intestine

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Cryptococcal infection - clear spaces (capsule rich in mucin) house round basophilic purple strucutres (fungal cysts)

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Cryptococcal infection - clear spaces (capsule rich in mucin) house round basophilic purple strucutres (fungal cysts)

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Nasal cavity of sheep

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Oomycete (Pythium insidiosum infection)
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

In distal extremities d/t contact w/water - equine

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - K9 Hookworms
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Mucosa very red d/t parasite leeching blood
Hookworms are a common case of anemia in puppies

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What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - Pig - Intestinal Parasites
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

What is the causes of cell injury?

Infectious Microbes - External Parasites - Ear Mites
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

Common in rabbits
Live on outer surface layer of epidermis - proliferation of epidermis and keratin increased production - leading to severe thickened yellow areas

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Nutritional Imbalance - Long Term Starvation** * Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances * Atrophy of skeletal m.

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Nutritional Imbalance - Rickets - Insufficient Vitamin D** * Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances * Common in young and growing animals d/t calcium absorption impairment/absence * Necessary for bone growth (growth plate/mineralization) * Clinical Signs - short + soft bones, hypertrophy zone proliferation leading to swollen joints

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Nutritional Imbalance - Ruminal Acidosis - Grain Overload** * Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances * Dietary imbalance - rich in grain - low in roughage, leads to damage to mucosa of rumen and hemorrhage

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Nutritional Imbalance - Deficiency of Vit E and Se - Nutritional Myopathy in Livestock** * Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances * Antioxidants - necrosis - heart and skeletal m

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Nutritional Imbalance - Deficiency of Vit E and Se - Nutritional Myopathy in Livestock** * Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances * Antioxidants - necrosis - heart and skeletal m

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Genetic Derangement (mutation) - Polycystic Kidney Disease** * Leads to production of abnormal protein, production of defective enzyme, lack of necessary enzyme, neoplasia * In Persian cats - Mutation in PKD-1and/or PKD-2 genes * Tubule development genes - dilated tubules - cysts present from early age, continue growing, avg age of presentation w/chronic renal failure 4 yo.

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Genetic Derangement (mutation) - Medulloblastoma in a Calf** * Leads to production of abnormal protein, production of defective enzyme, lack of necessary enzyme, neoplasia * Tumor - Uncommon - Presentation at 6mo.

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Workload Imbalance** * Leads to overwork/overstimulation (hypertrophy), underwork/lack of stimulation (atrophy)

What is the causes of cell injury?

**Workload Imbalance - Bilateral Adrenocortical Atrophy (Secondary to Destruction of the Adenohypophysis) * Leads to overwork/overstimulation (hypertrophy), underwork/lack of stimulation (atrophy) * Lack of endocrine stimulation (neoplasia denoted by N) * Decreased production of ACTH * Origin in pituitary gland * Lack of Endocrine stimulation leading to thinning of cortex of adrenal gland

What is the causes of cell injury?