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DVM 524 - GEN PATH > L2-3 Causes of Cell Injury and Reversible Cell Injury > Flashcards

L2-3 Causes of Cell Injury and Reversible Cell Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causes of cell inury?

A

Ischemia - reduction of vascular perfusion
* Kidney
* pale area
* ischemia/necrotic - obstruction of blood supply to the area susceptible to infarcts d/t anatomy only one a w/multiple branches entering kidney

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2
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Anemia - Reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes
* i.e. parasites in the abomasum of sheep –> pale mucuous membrane d/t blood loss

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3
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Ischemia - Reduction of vasuclar perfusion
* Right v Left - cyanosis d/t obstruction in iliac artery - saddle thrombus - causes clinical signs in hindlimb

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4
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

CO2 Poisoning
* Cherry red blood d/t higher affinity for Hb v O2

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5
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Mechanical Trauma
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Damage to blood vessels w/secondary hemorrhage

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6
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Electric Shock
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* O2 deficiency secondary to caridac arrest

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7
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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8
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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9
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Frostbite
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Necrosis d/t no collateral circulation as a result of vasoconstriction

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10
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Extreme Temperature
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Buring - severely high temp leads to necrosis

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11
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Extreme Temperature
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite
* Buring - severely high temp leads to necrosis

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12
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Immersion Foot Syndrome in Horses
* Caused by mechanical trauma, electric shock, temperature extremes (heart stroke, frostbite

  • AKA Trench Foot Syndrome
  • Prolonged exposure to cold and wetness leads to casoconstriction
  • Lesions distal to water line
  • Ulceration and hemorrhage
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13
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Exotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • toxin released in blood circulation, acts in distant sites
  • cauded by toxin that produces E. coli
  • Injury to endothelial cells - permeability increases - leakage of fluid to extracellular tissues causing edema
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14
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Endotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Salmonellosis - mucosa dark green d/t necrosis of epithelial cell (cellular debris seen in yellow layer)
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15
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Bacteria - Endotoxins
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Shipping fever in cattle
  • inflammation
  • release enzymes
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16
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Herpes Virus in Cattle
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Are obligate intracellular parasites
  • Areas of loss of tissue in black
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17
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Canine Parvovirus
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • small intestine
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18
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Cryptococcal infection - clear spaces (capsule rich in mucin) house round basophilic purple strucutres (fungal cysts)
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19
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Cryptococcal infection - clear spaces (capsule rich in mucin) house round basophilic purple strucutres (fungal cysts)
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20
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Fungi
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Nasal cavity of sheep
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21
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Oomycete (Pythium insidiosum infection)
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • In distal extremities d/t contact w/water - equine
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22
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - K9 Hookworms
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Mucosa very red d/t parasite leeching blood
  • Hookworms are a common case of anemia in puppies
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23
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - Pig - Intestinal Parasites
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

24
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Infectious Microbes - External Parasites - Ear Mites
* Caused by bacteria (exotoxins, endotoxins), viruses, fungi, parasites

  • Common in rabbits
  • Live on outer surface layer of epidermis - proliferation of epidermis and keratin increased production - leading to severe thickened yellow areas
25
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Nutritional Imbalance - Long Term Starvation
* Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances

  • Atrophy of skeletal m.
26
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Nutritional Imbalance - Rickets - Insufficient Vitamin D
* Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances

  • Common in young and growing animals d/t calcium absorption impairment/absence
  • Necessary for bone growth (growth plate/mineralization)
  • Clinical Signs - short + soft bones, hypertrophy zone proliferation leading to swollen joints
27
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Nutritional Imbalance - Ruminal Acidosis - Grain Overload
* Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances

  • Dietary imbalance - rich in grain - low in roughage, leads to damage to mucosa of rumen and hemorrhage
28
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Nutritional Imbalance - Deficiency of Vit E and Se - Nutritional Myopathy in Livestock
* Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances

  • Antioxidants - necrosis - heart and skeletal m
29
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Nutritional Imbalance - Deficiency of Vit E and Se - Nutritional Myopathy in Livestock
* Caused by deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances

  • Antioxidants - necrosis - heart and skeletal m
30
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Genetic Derangement (mutation) - Polycystic Kidney Disease
* Leads to production of abnormal protein, production of defective enzyme, lack of necessary enzyme, neoplasia

  • In Persian cats - Mutation in PKD-1and/or PKD-2 genes
  • Tubule development genes - dilated tubules - cysts present from early age, continue growing, avg age of presentation w/chronic renal failure 4 yo.
31
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Genetic Derangement (mutation) - Medulloblastoma in a Calf
* Leads to production of abnormal protein, production of defective enzyme, lack of necessary enzyme, neoplasia

  • Tumor - Uncommon - Presentation at 6mo.
32
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

Workload Imbalance
* Leads to overwork/overstimulation (hypertrophy), underwork/lack of stimulation (atrophy)

33
Q

What is the causes of cell injury?

A

**Workload Imbalance - Bilateral Adrenocortical Atrophy (Secondary to Destruction of the Adenohypophysis)
* Leads to overwork/overstimulation (hypertrophy), underwork/lack of stimulation (atrophy)

  • Lack of endocrine stimulation (neoplasia denoted by N)
  • Decreased production of ACTH
  • Origin in pituitary gland
  • Lack of Endocrine stimulation leading to thinning of cortex of adrenal gland
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DVM 524 - GEN PATH (4 decks)

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