L1a - Tissues & Systems (1) Flashcards
What is an organum?
An instrument or tool
Define ‘Viscus’ / ‘Viscera’ (plural).
Two or more tissues which together perform a specialised function.
How many organ systems are there?
11
What are the 2 different types of tissue?
- Main tissue
- Sporadic tissue
Name the 11 organ systems.
- Integumentary System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Cardiovascular System
- Lymphatic System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- Digestive System
- Reproductive System
- Immune System
Describe the characteristics of tissues.
- Group of similar cells
- Similar embryological origin
- Specialised for a particular function
What are cells separated by?
A matrix
What is a matrix?
Non-living, intercellular material produced by cells
What is the study of tissues called?
Histology
Name the 4 main types of tissues.
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
Describe the role of epithelial tissue.
- Protection
- Lining
- Secretion
- Filtration
- Absorption
Describe the role of connective tissue.
- Protection
- Support and binding
- Energy storage
- Transport
- Immunity
Describe the role of muscle tissue.
- Locomotion
- Movement of food
- Beating of the heart
Describe the role of nervous tissue.
- Transmission of impulses to achieve communication, coordination and control
What are epithelial cells closely packed into?
Single continuous sheets or in multiple layers
What do junctions between epithelial cells ensure?
Attachment to neighbouring cells
How can substances pass through epithelial cell layers?
- Diffusion
- Transportation
Epithelial cells are polar. Which 2 surfaces does this result in?
- Apical surface (top)
- Basal surface (bottom)
Describe the apical surface of epithelial cells.
- Exposed to a body cavity
- Line an organ
- Exposed to exterior
- Can contain microvilli or cilia
Describe the basal surface of epithelial cells.
- Attached to a basement membrane secreted by the cells
- Adheres the tissue firmly to nearby connective tissue
What does it mean that epithelia are avascular?
Blood vessels tend to run under epithelial layers, but do not go through them; so rely on diffusion for oxygen and nutrients, and to remove waste.
Capillaries usually found below basement membrane.
Epithelia usually have a _____ supply.
Epithelia usually have a nerve supply.
Epithelia are usually able to __________ via _______ as they often suffer wear and tear.
Epithelia are usually able to regenerate via mitosis as they often suffer wear and tear.
In addition to protection, lining, secretion, filtration and absorption, what else does epithelial tissue function include?
- Lubrication
- Digestion
- Excretion
- Transportation
- Sensory reception and reproduction