L19 - membrane channels Flashcards
major excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
major inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
Excitatory neurotransmitters
cause _______
depolarisation
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
cause _______
hyperpolarisation
what are the components of a tripartite synapse
presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron and glial cells
membrane transporters are used by which neurotransmitters
-Serotonin (5-HT)
-Noradrenaline
-Dopamine
-GABA
-Glutamate
what are the two classes of symporters
Neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) family
Dicarboxylate/amino acid cation symporter
what neurotransmitters use NSS transporters
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
- GABA
- Glycine
what neurotransmitters use Dicarboxylate/amino acid cation symporters
Glutamate
how do serotonin transporters work
they are secondary active transporters that transport serotonin, sodium, chloride into the cell and potassium out
are serotonin transporters symports or antiports
both
Fluoxetine
blocks SERT also acts on other transporters
what are eaats
Excitatory amino acid transporters
What is the function of eaats
Remove glutamate from the synapse
what directions do molecules move in glutamate transport
Na+, H+ and glutamate enter the cell one K+ out of the cell
ALS and glutamate
an excess of glutamate causes cell death, in neuronal cells this leads to ALS/MND
main inhibitory transporter in the spinal cord
glycine
two types, location and function of glycine transporters
GlyT1 and GlyT2
located on glial cells and neurons
both are responsible for removing glycine from the synapse, GlyT1 is able to return glycine to the synapse
Co-transport of glycine
glycine transport co-transports sodium and chloride alongside glycine
- sodium conc gradient drives the secondary transport
TRUE or FALSE: Tricyclic antidepressants can be used to
treat neuropathic pain
true - tricyclic antidepressants inhibit GlyTs
haloperidol, clozapine
antipsychotics with non-specific
inhibitory effect on Glyts
what is water channel called
aquaporin
which water channel is highly expressed in brain
Aquaporin-4
what is the function if aquaporin
Transport of ions as a consequence of ion movement can place a water load/osmotic pressure on some cells, aquaporin reduce the osmotic pressure and can effect the function of neurons
