L16: Blood Cells Flashcards
What type of leukocyte is this?
Basophil
Identified by:
- 14-16um in diameter
- Lots of deep-blue staining granules
- Bilobed nucleus (often hidden)
What type of leukocyte is this?
Monocyte
Identified by:
- Largest leukocyte, upto 20um in diameter
- Large, eccentrically placed nucleus, kidney-bean shaped
- Abundant cytoplasm w/ pink/purple granules
What type of leukocyte is this?
Lymphocyte
Identified by:
- 6-9um in diameter
- Small spherical nucleus w/ abundant dark staining
- Not much cytoplasm can be seen
- Basophilic (pale blue/purple staining)
What type of leukocyte is this?
Eosinophil
Identified by:
- 12-17um in diameter (larger than neutrophils)
- About 3x size of RBC
- Two lobes in their nucleus
- Acidophilic granules (stain red/purple)
What type of leukocyte is this?
Neutrophil
Identified by:
- 2-5 lobed nucleus linked by highly condensed chromatin
- 12-14um in diameter
What is the function/lifecycle of a neutrophil?
- Born in bone marrow
- Circulate in blood for 6-10 hours then enter tissues
Function: phagocytic and motile, will destroy damaged tissues and bacteria. Self destruct releasing lysosomes which liquifies surroundings forming pus.
What is the function of an eosinophil?
What is the function of basophil?
What is the function of lymphocytes?
What is the function of a monocyte?
Travel in blood before migrating into tissue to become a macrophage
What is contained within a neutrophil’s granules? (There are 3 types of granules)
1.
What is contained within eosinophil’s granules?
Contain major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase and lysosomal enzymes
What is contained within the basophil’s granules?
Contains sulphated proteoglycans, heparin, histamine.
Released in presence of allergens.
Which type of leukocytes are Granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.
Which type of leukocytes are Agranulocytes?
Monocytes and lymphocytes
What is the structure and function of platelets?
Structure: Small 2-4um cell fragments, contain cell organelles and granules, derived from megakaryocytes
Function: Adhere to collagen and release granules when needed to begin blood clotting cascade
What is the process by which blood cells are formed?
What cell do all blood cells originate from?
Pluripotential hematopoeitic stem cell (Blood Stem cell)
Lymphoid stem cells: give rise to lymphocytes
Myeloid stem cells: give rise to all other blood cells
What is Erythropoiesis?
What are the stages of Erythropoiesis? How does Hb levels differ between them? What happens to the nucleus?
Proerythroblast -> Early Normoblast (Basophilic erythroblast) -> Intermediate Normoblast (Polychromatophilic erythroblast) -> Normoblast (Orthochromatophilic erythroblast) -> Reticulocyte -> Erythrocyte
Hb Levels increase from the proerythroblast, which contains no Hb, to the erythrocyte.
The nucleus becomes more condensed and is then extruded from the cell.
Structure and function of the megakaryocyte? Where does it reside?
Structure: huge polyploid cell 30-100um in diameter, resides in bone marrow
Function: fragmentation of the megakaryocyte pseudopodia forms platelets
Lifespan of the red blood cell? How is iron recycled?
Replaced at a rate of 3 million new RBC a second entering the circulation.
Damaged or dead RBCs recycled by phagocytes.
Components of Hb individually recycled.
Iron recycled by being stored in phagocytes
Erythrocyte structure and function?
Function: Transport O2 around the body via the circulatory system
Structure: Anucleate, biconcave in shape, 6-9um (7um avarage) diameter, large SA:V ratio, flexible which allows them to fit into capillaries, no discernable organelles, cytoskeletal proteins help maintain its shape, packed with Hb
