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4BBY1060: Human Form and Function > L16: Blood Cells > Flashcards

L16: Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What type of leukocyte is this?

A

Basophil

Identified by:

  • 14-16um in diameter
  • Lots of deep-blue staining granules
  • Bilobed nucleus (often hidden)
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2
Q

What type of leukocyte is this?

A

Monocyte

Identified by:

  • Largest leukocyte, upto 20um in diameter
  • Large, eccentrically placed nucleus, kidney-bean shaped
  • Abundant cytoplasm w/ pink/purple granules
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3
Q

What type of leukocyte is this?

A

Lymphocyte

Identified by:

  • 6-9um in diameter
  • Small spherical nucleus w/ abundant dark staining
  • Not much cytoplasm can be seen
  • Basophilic (pale blue/purple staining)
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4
Q

What type of leukocyte is this?

A

Eosinophil

Identified by:

  • 12-17um in diameter (larger than neutrophils)
  • About 3x size of RBC
  • Two lobes in their nucleus
  • Acidophilic granules (stain red/purple)
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5
Q

What type of leukocyte is this?

A

Neutrophil

Identified by:

  • ​2-5 lobed nucleus linked by highly condensed chromatin
  • 12-14um in diameter
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6
Q

What is the function/lifecycle of a neutrophil?

A
  1. Born in bone marrow
  2. Circulate in blood for 6-10 hours then enter tissues

Function: phagocytic and motile, will destroy damaged tissues and bacteria. Self destruct releasing lysosomes which liquifies surroundings forming pus.

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7
Q

What is the function of an eosinophil?

A
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8
Q

What is the function of basophil?

A
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9
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes?

A
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10
Q

What is the function of a monocyte?

A

Travel in blood before migrating into tissue to become a macrophage

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11
Q

What is contained within a neutrophil’s granules? (There are 3 types of granules)

A

1.

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12
Q

What is contained within eosinophil’s granules?

A

Contain major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase and lysosomal enzymes

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13
Q

What is contained within the basophil’s granules?

A

Contains sulphated proteoglycans, heparin, histamine.

Released in presence of allergens.

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14
Q

Which type of leukocytes are Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.

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15
Q

Which type of leukocytes are Agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

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16
Q

What is the structure and function of platelets?

A

Structure: Small 2-4um cell fragments, contain cell organelles and granules, derived from megakaryocytes

Function: Adhere to collagen and release granules when needed to begin blood clotting cascade

17
Q

What is the process by which blood cells are formed?

A
18
Q

What cell do all blood cells originate from?

A

Pluripotential hematopoeitic stem cell (Blood Stem cell)

Lymphoid stem cells: give rise to lymphocytes

Myeloid stem cells: give rise to all other blood cells

19
Q

What is Erythropoiesis?

A
20
Q

What are the stages of Erythropoiesis? How does Hb levels differ between them? What happens to the nucleus?

A

Proerythroblast -> Early Normoblast (Basophilic erythroblast) -> Intermediate Normoblast (Polychromatophilic erythroblast) -> Normoblast (Orthochromatophilic erythroblast) -> Reticulocyte -> Erythrocyte

Hb Levels increase from the proerythroblast, which contains no Hb, to the erythrocyte.

The nucleus becomes more condensed and is then extruded from the cell.

21
Q

Structure and function of the megakaryocyte? Where does it reside?

A

Structure: huge polyploid cell 30-100um in diameter, resides in bone marrow

Function: fragmentation of the megakaryocyte pseudopodia forms platelets

22
Q

Lifespan of the red blood cell? How is iron recycled?

A

Replaced at a rate of 3 million new RBC a second entering the circulation.

Damaged or dead RBCs recycled by phagocytes.

Components of Hb individually recycled.

Iron recycled by being stored in phagocytes

23
Q

Erythrocyte structure and function?

A

Function: Transport O2 around the body via the circulatory system

Structure: Anucleate, biconcave in shape, 6-9um (7um avarage) diameter, large SA:V ratio, flexible which allows them to fit into capillaries, no discernable organelles, cytoskeletal proteins help maintain its shape, packed with Hb

4BBY1060: Human Form and Function (2 decks)

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