(L15) Stem Cell Applications Flashcards
What are the characteristics of stem cells?
- not terminally differentiated
- can divide without limit
- slow division
- when dividing, give rise to 1 stem cell and 1 cell that will differentiate
What are totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells? Where are they seen?
Totipotent: -can give rise to all cell types, embryonic tissue, and extraembryonic tisses -seen in the first 16 cells of a zygote
Pluripotent: -can give rise to all cell types and embryonic tissues -inner cell mass of blastocyst
Multipotent: -can give rise to all cell types but only of a certain lineage -adult stem cells
What are founder stem cells?
Stem cells that are generated early in development and have a fixed number of divisions they will undergo. This responsible for limiting the size of the final structure they will produce
What are transit amplifying cells?
Differentiating stem cell that leaves the basal layer. It has a finite amount of divisions and once it is done, all its progeny will be terminally differentiated.
What transcription factors are essential for pluripotent stem cells?
- Nanog
- Oct4
- Sox2
- FoxD3
What is the difference between hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells?\
Both found in bone marrow
HSC: -differentiates into RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
MSC: -differentiates into connective tissue, heart/skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue
What are induced pluripotent stem cells?
Introduction of certain transcription factors to adult cells causing them to gain pluripotent stem cell properties High risk of teratoma formation
What is SCNT?
Egg cell has nucleus removed and is fused with and adult cell. Growth will generate pluripotent stem cells
What cells can cause teratomas
EC Cells
Differential of a cells is dependent on..
growth factors
