L15: Emotion

Question 1

james-lange theory

Answer 1

we experience emotion in response to physiological changes

Question 2

cannon bard theory

Answer 2

emotion can be experienced independent of physiological changes

Question 3

Bridge experiments (Dutton & Aron, 1974)

Answer 3

The suspension bridge experiment was conducted by Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron in 1974, in order to demonstrate a process where people apparently misjudge the cause of a high level of arousal. The results of the experiment showed that the men who were approached by an attractive woman on a less secure bridge were found to experience a higher level of arousal, and had a tendency to attribute this to the presence of the woman.

Question 4

Vitamin experiments (Schachter & Singer, 1962)

Answer 4

Stooge influences how participants feel; Those who were in a room with the euphoric confederate were more likely to interpret the side effects of the drug as happiness, while those exposed to the angry confederate were more likely to interpret their feelings as anger.

Question 5

Limbic lobe*

Answer 5

Proposed by Paul Broca
Brain system for emotion
surrounds subcortical core of the brain( evolutionarily old)
Hippocampus - MTL
Cingulate gyrus - part of cortex; c-shaped

Question 6

Phineas Gage

Answer 6

• experienced difficulty in regulating emotion and had huge personality change
• gave proof that PFC has a role in emotions

Question 7

basic emotions

Answer 7

five or six universal emotions that are genetically hardwired
each of the emotions has a characteristic facial expression that doesn’t need to be taught
animals also make characteristic facial expressions associated with emotions

Question 8

amygdala

Answer 8

major processing center for emotions
processes fear and anxiety
when damaged can lead to disruptive feelings

Question 9

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 9

• Temporal Lobectomy (take amygdala out)
• tame + loss of fear
• indiscriminate eating
• examine objects orally
• increased + inappropriate sexual activity
• attention + reaction to all visual stimuli
• visual agnosia

Question 10

Urbach-Wiethe disease

Answer 10

• genetic
• calcification of the medial temporal lobe
• causes amygdala to harden and shrivel up
• don’t feel fear
  SM: could not identify when people were afraid but could differentiate other emotions

Question 11

PTSD

Answer 11

• repeated fear stimulus will trigger response
• associates stimulus with shock

Question 12

PFC functional subdivisions

Answer 12

1. Dorsolateral - executive function
2. Anterior cingulate - affect regulation and motivation
3. Orbitofrontal - mood and behavior

Question 13

Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 13

Learned fear

Question 14

Predatory aggression

Answer 14

go out and kill something

Question 15

Affective aggression

Answer 15

directed at same species; dominate/ scare them off

Question 16

Sham rage

Answer 16

removal of regular inhibitory effects of cerebral cortex on hypothalamus
- exaggerated responses of aggression

Question 17

Hypothalamus (sham rage somatic response)

Answer 17

arched back, extended claws, lashing of tail, snarling

Question 18

Hypothalamus (visceral motor response to sham rage)

Answer 18

increased blood response, pupil dilation, piloerection

Question 19

Aggression as a fixed action pattern

Answer 19

Comes directly from hypothalamus
Predatory or defensive rage

Question 20

Smiling as a fixed action pattern

Answer 20

Smiling is involuntary (hypothalamus) and voluntary ( motor cortex)