L12 - Viral diagnosis and antiviral therapy Flashcards
What is the drug that stop the attachment of virus? What is it treated for?
Maraviroc
HIV
What is the drug that stop the penetration of virus? What is it treated for?
Enfuvirtide
HIV
What is the drug that stop the uncoating of virus? What is it treated for?
Amantadine
Influenza A
What is the drug that stop the protein synthesis of protein? What is it treated for?
Ribavirin (HCV, RSV)
Interferon (HCV, HBV)
What is the drug that stop nucleic acid replication?
Acyclovir
Foscarnet
What is the drug that stop virus assembly and release?
HIV protease inhibitors
HCV protease inhibitors: Boceprevir, Telaprevir
Neuraminidase inhibitors (influenza): oseltamivir, zanamivir, lananimivir
Why does acyclovir only target infected cell?
Phosphorylation of acyclovir only occurs at infected cells
How is acyclovir administered under urgent condition?
Intravenous acyclovir (mg/kg) 8 hourly
What is the clinical use of acyclovir?
Immunocompromised patient with herpes simplex or varicella-zoster infection
Herpes encephalitis
Primary genital herpes
What are the drugs used to replace acyclovir due to resistance?
Cidofovir
Foscarnet
What is the drawback of using acyclovir
Low oral availability
What is valaciclovir?
Pro-drug of acyclovir
What is the clinical use of ganciclovir?
Treatment and prophylaxis of CMV disease in the immunocompromised
If the patient has HSV and he is on ganciclovir, do you still have to prescribe acyclovir?
No, ganciclovir has effect against HSV, adding acyclovir will only increase renal/ CNS side effects
What is the action of Zidovudine?
Effective at suppressing virus replication. But has side effects on suppressing rapidly multiplying cells
What is HAART? (Highly active anti-retroviral therapy)
Use of multiple drugs blocking different sites of viral replication cycle to minimise development of drug resistance
What are the drugs against influenza?
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir
When is ribavirin prescribed?
Respiratory syncytical virus
How is ribavirin prescribed?
Use by aerosal
What is the clinical usage of interferon alpha?
Hepatitis B (together with lamivudine) Hepatitis C (together with ribavirin and new protease inhibitors- Boceprevir, Telaprevir)
How is viral infection diagnosed? How long do they take?
Electron microscopy (hours) Grow (days/ weeks) Antigenic test (hours) PCR (hours/ days) viral inclusion bodies (days)
