L11 Molecular and functional imaging Dementia Flashcards
which place has the highest and lowest prevalence of dementia
highest - Latin America
lowest - Eastern Asia, UK
what are 2 typical pathology of AD
neuritic plaques - extracellular abeta deposition and inflammatory cells
neurofibrillary tangles - insoluble tau protein inside neurons
what are the steps in pathways to sporadic AD leading neuronal death
glucose metabolism/cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, membrane/vesicle recycling, oxidative stress
- -> abeta accumuation
- ->synaptic deficits, tau aggregation
- -> neuronal death
what are the treatment approaches during abeta accumulation
immunotherapy
enzyme inhibitors
anti - aggregants
what are the treatment approaches during tau aggregation
anti-aggregants
immunotherapy
kinase inhibitors
what is a treatment approach during neuronal death
symptomatic or palliative strategies
how many microbleeds are defined at 1.5 T in AD
> = 8
what do you see on SWI in CAA and AD
cerebral microbleeds
what is congophilic amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a condition in which proteins called amyloid build up on the walls of the arteries in the brain. CAA increases the risk for stroke caused by bleeding and dementia
what types of PET scanning radiopharmaceuticals are used in seeing 11^C-PIB in amyloid deposition
18^F tracers =
flutematemol, florbetaben, florbetapir
FDDNP less robust
what imaging drug is used for the tracer 123^I-FP-CIT in SPECT for dopaminergic receptor
Ioflupane (123I) is a neuro-imaging radiopharmaceutical drug, used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease over other disorders presenting similar symptoms. It is injected into a patient and viewed with a gamma camera in order to acquire SPECT images of the brain with particular respect to the striatum, a subcortical region of the basal ganglia.[2] The drug is sold under the tradename DaTscan
what is a tau PET tracer still in development
18^F-AV 1451
name some fluorinated tracers used in HC, AD, FTD
11^C - PiB
18^F - florbetaben
18F - florbetapir
18F - flutemetamol
in a study by Villemange V 2011, what dementia has the highest neocortical SUVR in the differential diagnosis of amyloid PET and which F tracer had high sensitivity for it?
When compared with the other groups, AD patients demonstrated significantly higher SUVRs (P < 0.0001) in neocortical areas. Most AD patients (96%) and 60% of MCI subjects showed diffuse cortical 18F-florbetaben retention. In contrast, only 9% of FTLD, 25% of VaD, 29% of DLB, and no PD patients and 16% of controls showed cortical binding. 18F-florbetaben had high sensitivity for AD, clearly distinguished patients with FTLD from AD, and provided results comparable to those reported with 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.
what type of imaging did patients undergo in a study by JF Burke 2011
Subjects underwent 11C-PiB and 11C-dihydrotetrabenazine PET imaging
