L11 - Eating Disorders 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are individual risk factors?
A
- Negative body image
- Internalisation of thin idea
- Personality factors
- Neurocognitive impairments
- Dieting
- Negative emotionally
2
Q
What was a study about negative body image and internalisation of the thin idea?
A
- 57 Undergrad women and 33 undergrad men
- Ppts completed a questionnaire of abnormal eating behaviours
- Rated their current appearance, ideal appearance, what they thought was most attractive to other sex, and the other sex they thought were most attractive
- Those with high abnormal eating had a spread out scale whereas those with low abnormal eating had a less spread scale
3
Q
What are personality factors in Eds?
A
- Characterised by high-levels of perfectionism, which endures after recovery and appears to be familial
- Potential mechanisms include self-validation, rumination, and negative affect and escape when unmet high standards
4
Q
What are the limitations of perfectionism and Eds?
A
- Most studies cross-sectional and do not have long term follow-ups, recruitment from treatment settings only
- Limits generalisability of findings and understanding of causal relationships
5
Q
What are the neurocognitive factors?
A
- AN is strongly associated with Obsessive-compulsive thinking style, perfectionism and difficulties with social communication
- Difficulties may be an intermediate phenotype triggers by a specific neurocognitive profile
- Adults with AN show poor set-shifting and weak central coherence
- Weight restored individuals show intermediate and attenuated profile, unaffected relatives show similar profile, suggesting genetic component
6
Q
What was the study looking whether children and adolescents with AN experience the same cognitive processing profile?
A
- Looked at ppts with anorexia nervosa and controls
- Neuropsych tests including IQ, Set-shifting, Central Coherence and Global Processing
- Self-report questionnaires including autism quotient, OCD symptoms
- The AN and control groups did not differ in IQ
- AN group displayed significantly more perseverative errors on WCST and lower style and central coherence scores on the ROCFT relative to controls
- Suggest inflexible thinking style, stronger attention to detail and poorer global integration
- Cog processing difficulties could be underlying trait for AN
7
Q
What are family influences in ED?
A
- Individuals with AN report that family dysfunction contributed to the development of their ED
- Parents beliefs about the desirability of thinness, dieting and good physical appearance
- Criticism of child’s appearance and weight strong predictor of BN symptoms
- Has led to recommendations for family therapy approaches
8
Q
What are media influences?
A
- Body dimensions of models have become thinner over last few decades
- Influence of social media on body image/satisfaction
- Diet/weight normative content is increasing in media
- As women’s weight has increased over the decades, playboy and miss America have gotten thinner and thinner
9
Q
What are peer influences?
A
- Girls who engaged more frequently in social media photo activities reported greater overvaluation of shape and weight, more body dissatisfaction and more dietary constraint
- Photo investment and manipulation and unique predictor of overvaluation of shape and weight and dietary restraint
- Relationship between social media and body related/eating concerns may be bi-directional and mutually reinforcing: those who have more body-related/eating concerns are more drawn to these appearance-related activities AND engagement in appearance-focused activities contributes to persistence of body-related/eating concerns
10
Q
What was a study looking at Eating behaviours and attitudes following prolonged exposure to tv among Fiji Adolescent girls?
A
- Attitudes to body image changed drastically with the coming of TV in 1995 - American Teenage programmes
- Within 3 years, the no. of girls engaged in purging behaviours rose to 11% and a sig increase in scores on the EAT-26 scale
- Extensive qualitative research indicated a causal link
11
Q
DO eating disorders only occur within specific cultures?
A
- Historical survey and meta-analysis conducted
- Found that BN only occurs within specific cultures but not AN - fits in with stronger genetic basis of AN
- Heritability estimates for BN show greater variability cross-culturally than AN
12
Q
What are common treatments for AN?
A
- Emergency procedures to restore weight
- Antidepressants or other medications
- Family therapy
- CBT
13
Q
What are common treatments for BN?
A
- Antidepressants or other medications
- CBT
14
Q
What are targets for CBT?
A
- Encourage healthy eating and reaching healthy body weight
- Create a personalised treatment based on processes that appear to maintain the eating problem
- Includes self-monitoring of the dietary intake and associated thoughts and feelings
- Cover nutrition, cog restructuring, mood regulation, social skills, body image concerns, self-esteem and relapse prevention
- Enhance self-efficacy
15
Q
What are family-based treatment?
A
- Specific treatment for ED that involve the full family
- Parents/carers empowered to support their child’s recovery
- No blame: ED is seen as separate from the patient and externalised
- Importance of early intervention
