Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicines design II - solid dosage forms > L10 Tablets > Flashcards

L10 Tablets Flashcards

0
Q

Define tablet

A

Compressed powder of drug and inert excipients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Define medicine

A

A drug suitable for administration to the public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define capsule

A

Drug and excipient contained in a gelatin shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Caplet define

A

Compressed powder in the shape of a capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did first tableting machine appear

A

1843 - to form potassium carbonate compacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wellcome first used the word tablet in 1878. Now the most popular dosage form …. %

A

70% with over 500 pharmacopeia entries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eight types of tablet

Which ones much had soluble excipients?

A 
Un coated
Sugar/film coated
Controlled release
4 Effervescent
Soluble
Chewable
Sublingual
8 Lozenges
4-8 must be soluble as pt don't like grittiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Advantages of tablets

A
  • Convenience light,portable, compact)
  • accurate dosage / min variability
  • greater physiochemical stability than liquid preps
  • rate of release can be tailored
  • mass production
  • simple and cost effective
  • patient acceptability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disadvantages of tablets

A

Swallowing
Difficulty to prepare certain formulations (eg. Sub 50microg)
Poor wetting and low solubility drugs
Bitter taste/bad odour
Oxygen/moisture sensitivity requires coating of some tablets p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Essential tab properties

A
  • accurate/uniform dose
  • uniform weight/appearance/diameter
  • recognisable/patentable shape (difficult to make Viagra diamond -less counterfeits)
  • must withstand stress of processing and a handellnig
  • capable of breaking down in the stomach
  • suitable dissolution rate
  • moisture and temperature stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

For particulate systems to be made into tablets 3 requirements

A
  1. Particles sufficiently free flowing
  2. When cub jet to force the particles compact and adhere with adequate strength
  3. Adhesion by the tablet must be avoided
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline of tablet manufacturing process

A

Mixing - for consistency and flow characteristics
Tableting - fill, compaction, ejection
Coating - protective/palatable coaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purpose of granulation

A

Ensure drug is in every part if powder and thorough mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tablet punches and dies are changed every…. To ensure….

A

Five days to ensure quality control, unique identifier

Security and accountability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Output of tableting machines

A

3000 to one million per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Principle of how tableting machine works

A

Die is filled to certain depth with powder
Compressed between two punches
Compression force ended by removal of upper punch
Lower punch moves upward to eject tablet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two types of tablet press

A

Single (eccentric punch press)

Rotary presses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Single punch ores movement is controlled by

A

Eccentric cam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the niche for signs punch machines?

A

Developing formulations in early batches for manufacturing due to limited availability of drug substance. In research and development labs.

Slow production rates 85/mi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Feed of a single punch machine is called

A

Shoe - fills up die and later pushes formed tablet away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Commercial manufacture machines are usually

A

Rotary tablet machines. Up to 79 station each producing 105

/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do we ensure a tablet is the exact weight

A

Use the volume of the die, fill in with powder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plastic deformation

A

Not reversible once stress is removed.
There is a yield point. Until then Young’s modulus applies.
Once energy cannot be held anymore it is released as heat and plastic deformation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plastic deformation is desirable/undesirable

A

Desirable. No bonds formed by tablet stays this shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Three stages of powder compression

A

Densification - rearrangement of powders to minimize free space, dependent on force, size, friction
Deformation - particles have no more room, plastic, eleaxtic, fragmentation may occur (lactose)
Bonds form- particles very close together so gecko forces kick in, van der waals, electrostatic, solid bridges by dissolution and recrystallisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why do we use metal for dies etc?

A

deformation produces a lot of heat, conduct the heat away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Four types of tablets by production method

A

Moulded
Compressed
Sintered
Effervescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Moulded tablets formed by

A

Moulding a soft mass with suitable solvent - advantage is quick disintergreation in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Prep process of moulded tablets

A 
Drug + diluent
Moisten with alcohol
Mix into wet mass
Fill holes in top portion of mould
Press top portion of mould into lower and press to place tablets in top of pegs
Dry, remove and package.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Compressed tablets can be divided into two methods

A
  1. Wet granulation
  2. Dry methods: - dry granulation (slugging or roller compaction)
    - direct compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why is dry granulation more popular than direct compression

A

Ensures consistency and distribution of drug in tablet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why do we make particles smaller for direct compression?

A

Gravity with segregate particles bit size if they are too large.
Smaller size makes them stick to eachother more so less segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Direct compression in three steps

A

Size reduction
Mix active, filler, disintergrant, glident, diluent, lubricant
Compression

33
Q

Direct compression - Dry mixing function

A

Ensure uniformity throughout blend

34
Q

Steps that should be taken to reduce agglomerate and lumps in direct compression

A

Size reduction and sieving

35
Q

Four blender available for direct compression

A

Ribbon
Double cone
V
Bin

36
Q

Compression vehicles for direct compression

A 
Anhydrous lactose
Dicalcium phosphate
Granulated mannitol
MCC
starch
Compressible sugar
37
Q

Granulation define

A

Process in which primary powder particles adhere to form large multi particulate entities called granuales

38
Q

Granules are formed by… 2

A

Direct compression or by binding agent

39
Q

Powdered or granulated material is easier to compress into a tablet

A

Granulated

40
Q

What process of granulation is most common

A

70% of companies us wet granulation

41
Q

Three examples of wet granulation

A

Wet massing
Spray granulation
High sheer granulation

42
Q

Advantage of high sheer granulation ?

A

You can use acoustic Shane to know when it’s done

43
Q

When is wet gran especially hard?

A

Low solubility

44
Q

Why granulate?

A

To produce uniform, normalised particles with:
Good flow properties
Increased compressibility
Agglomeration and segregation resistance
Reduction in dusting (easier to handle, doesn’t go up in a cloud)

45
Q

How large are granules?

A

200-400microm

46
Q

what else is added to the granules

A

Plasticisers and binders

For compressibility and to resist segregation

47
Q

Polymeric binding distribution in dry granules

A

Polymer adheres to granule surface

48
Q

Polymer distribution for wet granules

A

Rather than a dot of polymer it’s a line

49
Q

Polymer distribution in spray granules

A

Polymer covering surface

50
Q

High sheer granulation is similar to wet but…

A

We spray

51
Q

Advantages of dry granulation over wet

A 
econmical
Less equipment and space
Eliminate addition of moisture and heat
Can cope with wide range of materials
Process is easily scaled up
Mechanical strength of the product is uniform
52
Q

Slugging is a method of wet or dry granulation?

A

dry

53
Q

Slugging

A 
Ingredients mixed and precompressed on a table press than operates at significantly higher pressure than normal table press.
Formed slug (1inch) is subsequNtly ground to uniform size.
54
Q

why is slugging used

A

For powder that cannot be directly compressed because of poor flow or compression properties.
Maybe for heat or moisture sensitive materials such as aspirin or vitamins

55
Q

Communition is

A

Particle size reduction (from slug).

56
Q

Slugging, what is out into the slug?

A

Drug
Filler
Lubricant

57
Q

Steps of slugging

A 
Blending
Precompression
Communition
Sizing
Blending (glident,lubricant,disintergrant)
58
Q

Dry granulation can be achieved by slugging or

A

dry roller compaction

59
Q

Dry roller compaction is

A

Granulation achieved by passing powder between two rollers that compacts material to much higher pressure than tablet compress

60
Q

What sort of materials is dry roller compaction used for

A

Low density - to achieve sufficient bulk to allow tablet compression

61
Q

Dry roller compaction achieves ribbons which are

A

25mm wide and 10-15mm thick

These are milled to produce granules

62
Q

What is used to break up the products if dry roller compaction

A

Hammer mill

63
Q

Why is 20%going into the lung not 100%?

A

Reproducibility not efficiency is key.

A drop in 20% wouldn’t be as significant as a drop in 100%

64
Q

compaction force is controlled by

A

Hydraulic pressure in roller
Rotational speed of roller
Rotational speed of feed screws

65
Q

Two mills for granulation?

A

Oscillating type granulator

Hammer mill

66
Q

Wet granulation process is commonly

A

Grinding down of drug +binder+/- intra granular excipients

67
Q

Wet gran steps

A 
Put in mixer/granulator
Put through screen (wet)
Dry in fluidised bed dryer
Blend with extra granular excipients 
Compation
68
Q

Disadvantages of wet gran

A

Laborious,
Expensive
Drug particles experience extensive processing

69
Q

Particle bonding in wet granulation is driven by…

A

Surface tensional forces and adhesion and cohesion forces between molecules.
Adhered particles form a nucleus.
Liquid bridges subsequently develop, evaporation leads to solid bridging and therefore increase in tensile strength.
Eg

70
Q

Granulating liquid is ideally

A

A mild solvent of excipient powder to increase solid bridging

71
Q

Why are very few wet granulation solvents available

A

We cannot eliminate all the solvent upon drying

72
Q

Three wet granulation solvents

A

Water
Isopropanol
Ethanol

73
Q

What is genreally used as a bider in wet granulation

A

Polymer solutions

Gelatin, starch, Synthetic polymers such as PVP

74
Q

Why is water not and ideal solvent in when granulation

A

Requires a lot of heat to evaporate it

75
Q

Steps of high sheer granulation

A 
Mixing
Agglomeration
Drying
Milling
Mixing
Tableting
76
Q

Wet granulation intra granual excipients

A

Active (possibly percolated)
Filler
Binder (usually aqueous polymeric solution)
Disintergrant (1)

77
Q

Wet granulation extra granular excipients

A

Lubricant
Glident
Disintergrant (2)

78
Q

Wet granulation steps

A 
Size reduction
Dry mixing
Wet massing
Size enlargement
Drying
Size fractionation
Dry mixing
Compression
79
Q

What are high shear mixers

A

Very effecient
Ideal for wet granulation
Amount and additional rte of binder solution must be strictly controlled
Granulation end points can be measured in processsvit

Medicines design II - solid dosage forms (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions