L1 to L8 Flashcards
Athlete Centered Coaching
- Coaches who wish to develop players ability to become better in game tactical decision makers need to coach in ways that facilitate this growth
- Coaches create an environment where athletes are empowered to be active participants in their coaching and learning experience
- An important aspect of the athlete empowerment process is developing a supportive and non-threatening practice environment where athletes take responsibility for their decision-making and find answers to the challenges presented to them
ACC continued…
- a supportive environment means that making and learning from mistakes in practice becomes an essential part of their development
- it is only after athletes feel comfortable in practice with this process, that they will begin to feel confident about making their own decisions in the in-game of competition environment
4 models in teaching ACC have been developed
- Teaching Games for Understanding
- Game Sense
- Play practice
- Developing Thinking Players
Teaching Games for Practice
- Developed based upon criticisms of a PE class approach where technical sport skills were taught that couldn’t be applied to actual games
-Classes became more specialized with only few students enrolling and enjoying - Limited “sense of the game” and lack of knowledge in advanced tactics
Game Sense
- An athlete who regularly demonstrates good decision-making in moment -to moment times in game play
- Making the best play at the most appropriate time or game intelligence
- requires athletes to observe and understand what is going on around them and then based upon their experience of playing the game, make the best choice to solves the problem
Play Practice
Coach design practice or game that is relevant or similar to the full game in a smaller area with fewer players (3 on 3) or unbalanced teams (4 on 2)
- The actual game is reproduced on a much smaller level, which allows the players the time and opportunity to solve their own in-game scenarios
- players are encourage to understand the concept of creating space and giving alternative pass options
Developing Thinking Players
- Coach uses modified equipment and rules to introduce and develop tactical understanding and decision-making
- Break Teaching intro 4 sequential stages:
1. Simply Activities
2. Shaping Activities
3. Focusing Activities
4. Enhancing Activities
Make Better in-game choices
- Read/scan what is going on around you
- Process what you have scanned – brain determine
- Make best decision based on 1 & 2 what to do
- Perform skill/task that you have decided is most appropriate choice and perform at optimum time
Tactical Understanding
Tactical understanding is an important aspect of learning to be a successful player, yet coaches have limited expectations of what players can understand
These limited expectations usually are related to the players levels of skills with coaches believing they are not ready to develop advanced tactical understanding until they are highly skilled
DTP (developing thinking players) approach encourages coaches to have very high expectations of what players are capable of learning tactically, independent of their levels of skill and experience and keeps tactical understanding at the forefront of coaching sessions
Decision Making
- Strongly associated with developing an understanding of tactics is the need for players to become good decision makers so that they can successfully act on that understanding
- To become good decision makers, players need to have opportunities to practice making decisions in authentic contexts
- While this may sound obvious, players are rarely placed in realistic scenarios that are designed to give them practice at reading situations, making appropriate decisions and then considering the subsequent results of their actions
Modified Equipment & Rules
- In order for players to be able to concentrate on developing a good level of tactical understanding and decision making, the activities and games must make extensive use of modified equipment and rule changes
- This overcomes the problem where players are restricted in their ability to concentrate on tactics and enact decision making because of their inability to use equipment skillfully or because the rules are too advanced for their present level of ability
Characteristics of Decision-Making
- Decision-making is a complex field that looks at a variety of disciplines including economics, psychology and neuroscience
- The process of making a choice from a set of options with the consequences of that choice being crucial
- In sports, decision-making can involve various agents such as players, coaches, various tasks such as passing or calling a play and various contexts such as during a single play or during halftime
- Therefore, decision-making serves as an adaptive behaviour for athletes to function under a variety of stressors and demands and is often dependent on the environment, temporal factors and the rules of the specific sport
Four core features that characterize decisions in sport:
Naturalistic
Internal and External
Online
Variability
Naturalistic
- Agents (players and coaches etc.) involved are familiar with both the tasks and the environment
- Rules of the games
- Basic fundamentals
- Playing area
- Body movement
Internal And External Dynamics
Temporal process is both internal and external
Internal Dynamics:
- Reflect how an athlete may obtain and process information over time
External Dynamics:
- Refers to how the situation itself may change
