Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry Exam 1 > L1 Strucutre Biomolecules > Flashcards

L1 Strucutre Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Aldose

A

Monosaccharide with a aldehyde function group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ketose

A

Monosaccharide with ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isomer

A

Compounds with same chemical formula but different structures/chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epimer

A

Differ in configuration around only one specific chiral carbon

All epimers = isomers

C1 closet to aldehyde group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enantiomer

A

Mirror images of each other

D form in sugars in cells
L forms in AA

All enantiomers are isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pyranose

A

Cyclic 6 C sugar

Alpha(below) and beta(above) anomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Furanose

A

Five membered ring made from aldopentoses (ribose) or ketohexoses (fructose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anomer

A

Differ in configuration around anomeric carbon

Alpha or beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anomeric carbon

A

New stereo center resulting from cyclic hemiacetal formation

Is C1

Carbons numbered down from non ring C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Non-reducing end

A

Any end of molecule that’s not the anomeric carbon and therefore cannot be reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sugar alcohol

A

When carbonyl group of monosaccharide is reduced to hydroxyl

Suffix “itol”

Glucose to glucitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acidic sugars

A

Glucose oxidized to form glucuronic acid

OH on C6 becomes COOH

Suffix “uronic”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amino and N-acetylated Amino Sugars

A

Amino groups may be added to OH on C2 of glucose to form glucosamine

Acetyl group (COCH3) May be added to amino to form N-acetyl-glucosamine

Abundant in ECM and cell surface glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Link monosaccharides to form polysaccharides

Sugar with free anomeric carbon can adopt linear form and are reducing sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fatty acid

A

Have hydrophilic carboxylic acid and hydrophobic acyl chain

Mostly 12-20Cs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amphiphatic

A

Contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbonyl group

A

C double bond to O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

R-COOH

19
Q

Hydroxyl group

A

R-OH

20
Q

Chiral carbon

A

C with four diff substituents

21
Q

Hydrocarbon/acyl chain

A

Consists entirely of H and C atoms

22
Q

Proteins monomer/polymer relationship

A

Polymers of amino acids

23
Q

Carbohydrate monomer/polymer relationship

A

Polymers of monosaccharides

CnH2nOn

Monosaccharide n=3-8

24
Q

Lipids monomer/polymer relationship

A

Polymer classification depends on solubility / hydrophilicty

25
Q

Monosaccharide classifications

A

Aldose or ketose
3C = aldotriose or ketotriose

Number of Cs 
  3 triose
  4 tetrose
  5 pentose (ribose)
  6 hexose (sugars- glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose)
  7 heptose
  8 octose
26
Q

Cyclization reactions of pyranoses and furanoses

A

aldehyde and ketones reactive

n >= 5 monosaccharides can be linear or cyclic

Cyclization yields alpha and beta anomers

Linear form is least stable(1%), beta is most stable (64%), and alpha is (36%)

Interconversion through linear form

27
Q

Recognition of reducing or non reducing sugar

A

Nonreducing sugars are involved in glycosidic bond and cannot reduce

Reducing sugars have a free anomeric C and can reduce to linear form (requires reactive group)

28
Q

Naming of glycosidic linkage

A

Count Cs down from non-ring C

anomeric C involved in linkage determines alpha or beta

29
Q

Sucrose

Monomer units and glycoside linkage

A

alpha-glucopyranose

Beta-fructofuranose

Alpha,beta (1-2)

30
Q

Maltose

Monomer units and glycosidic linkage

A

Alpha-glucopyranose
Beta-glucopyranose

Alpha-1,4

31
Q

Lactose

Monomer units and glycosidic linkage

A

Beta-galactopyranose
Beta-glucopyranose

Beta-1,4

32
Q

Polysaccharides

A

More than 12 monosaccharide units

33
Q

Polysaccharide functions

A

Energy storage
Structure
Cell recognition

34
Q

Cell recognition role of polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrates on cells surface important in cell-cell interactions and are very immunogenic/antigenic

35
Q

Fatty acids

A

Carboxylic acid and acyl chain

Usually 12-20 Cs

36
Q

Fatty acid nomenclature

A

Number of Cs
counted from carboxyl group
Number of cis double bonds
1st unsaturation at C9 then every 3rd (9,12,15)

Separated by colon

37
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Fatty acids that are not made by human cells and therefore need to be consumed through diet

38
Q

Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids

A

Essential fatty acids

Used to synthesize eicosanoids

Omega 3 18C w 3 double bonds

Omega 6 18C w 2 double bonds

Named omega 3 and 6 because that is how many Cs away from the methyl group the double bond series begins

We don’t have enzymes to put double bonds so close to methyl group

39
Q

Fatty acid cis vs trans bond structural differences

A

Cis kink acyl chain 30 degrees and increase fluidity

Trans are less kinked

40
Q

Diacylglycerol

A

Glycerol with two acyl chains and remaining -OH group which can bond to other polar groups

Amphipathic

Lipid membranes

41
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

Glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached

Stored as fat

42
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Glycerol isn’t base

Base has 2 hydroxyls and 1 amino

Long fatty acid tail

43
Q

Cholesterol structure

A

Oriented in membrane

Polar head group
Rigid steroid ring
Nonpolar hydrocarbon tail

44
Q

Esterified vs nonesterified cholesterol

A

If polar head (-OH) is esterified cholesterol is no longer amphipathic

Once esterified has similar properties to triacylglycerols because they are now completely hydrophobic

Biochemistry Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions