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Sensory system > L1: Skull > Flashcards

L1: Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of skull (3)

A
  1. Calvaria (covers cranial cavity)
  2. Base (floor of cranial cavity)
  3. Lower anterior part = facial skeleton (viscerocranium)
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2
Q

Sutures

A
  1. Coronal suture (between frontal and parietal bones)
    - -> Bregma = coronal and sagittal meet
  2. Sagittal suture (between 2 parietal bones)
    - -> Lambda = sagittal and lamboid meet
  3. Lamboid suture (between parietal and occipital bones)
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3
Q

Fontanelles

A

Anterior and posterior close within 18 months
(Lateral ossifies early 2-3 weeks)
Not clinical unless other signs

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4
Q

Fontanelles clinical

A

Cleidocranial dysplasia: hereditary congenital disorder, delayed closure of anterior fontanelle and missing clavicles

Craniosyntosis: posterior fontanelle closes in first 1 month of life so head grow anteriorly (not pathological)

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5
Q

Air-filled spaces: Sinuses

A

Frontal sinuses, ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinuses, sphenoid sinuses
(frontal and maxillary most impt clinically)

Lined with respiratory epithelium and have various functions: lightening of head, humidifying and heating air, increasing resonance of speech

In newborns frontal sinuses not fully formed (start forming at 3-4months)

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6
Q

Sinusitis

A

Sinuses filled with mucus or mucosal layer thickened

Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, some chemicals

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7
Q

Pterion and clinical signifiance

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid all articulate = weak due to multiple joints (not due to being thinnest part of skull)
Middle meningeal artery (anterior branch) runs deep to pterion
Lateral blow to head –> damage MMA –> extradural haemorrhage

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8
Q

Pterion location

A

Frankfurt line = between inferior margins of orbit and superior margins of external acoustic meatus (considering head in anatomical position)

Lies within 1cm diameter circle, located 2.6cm behind and 1.3 above posterolateral margin of frontozygomatic suture

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9
Q

Label anterior view of skull (5)

A

Labelled

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10
Q

Label lateral view of skull (9)

A

Labelled

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11
Q

Label base of skull (11)

A

Labelled

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12
Q

Label parts of mandible

A 
Ramus of mandible
Body of mandible
Condyle of mandible
Coronoid of mandible
Angle of mandible
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13
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

  • Boundaries
  • Bones
A

Ant border: inner surface of frontal bone
Post border: anterior border of prechiasmatic sulcus of sphenoid (medial), lesser wings of sphenoid bone (lateral)

Bones: frontal, ethmoid, anterior aspects of body and lesser wings of sphenoid

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14
Q

Anterior cranial fossa foramina

A
  1. Foramen cecum: emissary veins to nasal cavity)

2. Olfactory foramina in cribiform plate: [I]

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15
Q

Middle cranial fossa

  • Boundaries
  • Bones
A

Ant border: anterior edge of chiasmatic sulcus of body of sphenoid (midline) and greater wing of sphenoid (laterally)
Post border: posterior edge of dorsum sellae of body of sphenoid (midline) and petrous part of temporal bone (laterally)

Bones: body and greater wing of sphenoid, squamous and petrous parts of temporal bone

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16
Q

Middle cranial fossa foramina

A
  1. Optic canal: [II], ophthalmic a
  2. Superior orbital fissue: [III], [IV], ophthalmic n [V1], [VI], ophthalmic veins
  3. Foramen rotundum: [V2]
  4. Foramen ovale: mandibular n [V3], lesser petrosal n
  5. Foramen spinosum: middle meningeal a
  6. Carotid canal: internal carotid artery
  7. Hiatus for greater petrosal n
  8. Hiatus for lesser petrosal n
    Foramen lacerum: filled w cartilage in life)
17
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

  • Boundaries
  • Bones
A

Ant border: dorsum sellae of body of sphenoid bone (medial), superior border of petrous part of temporal bone (lateral)
Post border: internal surface of squamous part of occipital bone, (petromastoid part of temporal bone and small parts of occipital and parietal bones)

Bones: mastoid part of temporal bone and squamous, condylar and basilar parts of occipital bone

18
Q

Posterior fossa foramina

A
  1. Foramen magnum: spinal cord, roots of [XI], vertebral a
  2. Hypoglossal canal: [XII], meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal a
  3. Jugular foramen: [IX], [X], [XI], internal jugular v
  4. Internal acoustic meatus: [VII], [VIII], labyrinthine a
  5. Condylar canal: emissary v
19
Q

Additional external foramina

A
  1. Incisive foramen: nasopalatine n, sphenopalatine vessels
  2. Greater palatine foramen: greater palatine n and vessels
  3. Stylomastoid foramen: VII

Sensory system (11 decks)

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