L1 Recognising health, gingivitis and periodontitis Flashcards
What percentage of the world’s population will experience gingvitis or periodontitis?
- 95% will experience gingivitis at some point in their life
- 60-65% of the adult population will have periodontitis
What percentage of the population are at a higher risk of periodontitis and what percentage of these will have aggressive disease forms?
- 10% of population are at a higher risk of periodontitis
- 1% of these will have aggressive disease forms
What does gingival phenotype/biotype refer to?
The thickness of the gingivae.
Can be assessed by placing a probe in the sulcus, if the probe can be seen then the gingiva is thin (<1mm).
Is gingival stippling healthy?
Yes, it indicates the attachment of collagen fibres in gingival tissues.
Is a knife edge gingival margin healthy? What is the opposite of this?
Knife edge margin is healthy, if the margin is inflammed and swollen it is described as a “rolled margin”.
What are the main signs of gingival health?
- Pale pink or brown in certain ethnic groups
- Gingival stippling
- Knife edge margin
- Scalloped margin
- Sulcus up to 3mm deep
- Interdental papillae is a triangular shape and fully fills the interproximal space
- No BoP
- No recession
- No mobility
What are the 3 classifications of gingival health according to the 2017 world workshop classification?
- Pristine
- Clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium
- Clinical gingival health on a reduced periodontium
Describe pristine gingival health.
- No attachment loss
- No BoP
- No sulcular probing >3mm
- No redness, swelling or pus
Describe clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium.
- Majority of tissues healthy
- 10% BoP or less
Describe clinical gingival health on a reduced periodontium.
- Periodontium reduced due to previous disease
- Recession
- 10% BoP or less
Define biofilm/dental plaque.
Microbial communities of microorganisms attached to a tooth surface encased within extracellular polymeric substances.
What extracellular polymeric substances are found in dental biofilm?
EPS are products of microbial cells (not from the host).
- Proteins
- Extracellular DNA (eDNA)
- Exopolysaccharides
- Lipids
- Surfactants
- Metals
- Inorganic salts
- Water
What are the 5 microbial complexes found in subgingival dental plaque?
- Yellow complex: found in health
- Purple complex: early colonisers
- Green complex: early colonisers
- Orange complex: gingivitis
- Red complex: periodontitis
What type of relationships do microorganisms in the same complex have with eachother?
Symbiotic relationships.
What microorganisms are found in subgingival dental plaque in health?
- Streptococcus
- S. grodonii