L1: Nature Of Inquiry & Research Flashcards
Quantitative Research
- a systematic investigation of observable phenomena
- uses numerical data and statistical method
Main Goals of Quantitative Research
- Test hypothesis
- Explore casual relationships
- Make prediction
- Generalize findings
What are the 2 given types of hypothesis
Null Hypothesis - no significant relationship between two variables
Alternative Hypothesis - opposing theory of null hypothesis
- used to test if there’s a relationship existing between two variables.
What is under the exploration of a casual relationship?
Theoretical framework – tests if it’s still applicable
Experiments – cause & effect
Quantitative research applies..
- Probability Sampling
- Generalizability
Probability Sampling
Highly randomized and low level of subjectivity
Generalizability
Findings also represents the population at large
Strengths
- Can be replicated
- Generalizability
- Establish causality more conclusively
- Makes predictions based on quantifiable data
- Data analysis using statistical software
- Data gathering methods are less demanding
- Low degree of subjectivity
- Validity and reliability can be measured
Weaknesses
- Can’t provide an in-depth explanation
- Can’t provide complex textual descriptions
- Can’t analyze intangible factors
- Less flexible research design
- Participants responses are strictly limited
- Self reported data minimally very accurate
Types of Quantitative Research
- Descriptive
- correlational
- ex post facto
- Experimental
- quasi experimental
Descriptive reserve
- reports or observes certain phenomenon
- questionnaire and / or observations
• pinaka mababaw
Type:
1. Comparative study
Correlational
- determines the nature of the relationship between two variables without looking into the cause
- questionnaire, tests, and / or observations
• test the rs/connections of 2 variables
• trying to see if isa talaga sa factors the something yung study/topic
Ex post Facto
- infer the causes of a phenomenon which has already occurred
- groups exposed to the presume cause are compared to those who are not exposed
Experimental
- establish cause and effect
- experimental manipulation is used
- random assignment of participants to treatment and control groups
Quasi-experimental
- establish cause and effect
- experimental manipulation may have limited use
- participants are not randomly assigned to treatment or control groups
Variable
Any element which can be measured for quantity or quality
Types of Variables
- Discrete
- Continuous
- Interval
- Ratio - Categorical
- Dichotomous
- Nominal
- Ordinal - Based on Purpose
- IV
- DV
- EV
- CV
Discrete
- can be counted ; positive whole number
(Tao)
Continous 1
Interval Variables
- measured in range
- can be non-whole number
- positive or negative value
(Temperature, pH level)
Continous 2
Ratio
- measured in range
- with absolute zero value
- no negative value
(Age, height, weight, etc.)
Categorical 1
Dichotomous: two distinct values
(True or false, yer or no)
Categorical 2
Nominal : more than two categories
(Blood type, type of houses)
Categorical 3
Ordinal: values can be arranged/ordered
(Competitipn, likert scale)
Independent V
Presumed cause
: jogging
