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L1- Movement and Utility Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the forms of circulation networks? (4)

A

Grid System - Consists of Equally spaced streets or roads which are perpendicular. Radial System - Directs Flow to or from Common Center. Straight Channels radiating from a central point. Linear System- Circulation connects flow between 2 points. (along a single line, or parallel lines) Curvilinear System - Responds to the topography of the site.

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2
Q

When is a linear system useful?

A

Where there are development is restricted by a canal, railroad or freeway.

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3
Q

What is PUD?

A

Planned Residential Developments - To make more interesting street layouts they often use the curvalinear system. This is to revitalize a residential area.

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4
Q

What are the four basic categories for traffic arteries?

A

1 - Freeways: Also known as expressways. Have on and off Ramps. Handle large volumes of traffic 2-Arterial Streets: Have on and Off Ramps and connect with Expressways. 3-Collector-Distributor Streets 4-Local Access Streets.

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5
Q

What is the slope rate per foot for the runoff of water on a paved vehicular right of way from the center crown in the road to the sides?

A

1/8”-1/2” per foot

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6
Q

What is the curb and gutter height for streets with heavier traffic and for residential streets?

A

6” high for gutters and curbs for heavier traffic 4” high gutters and curbs for residential roads.

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7
Q

What is the width of a typical highway? Two Lane Highway with 9’-0” shoulders

A

40-42’ Wide Roads vary from 11’-12’ wide.

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8
Q

How wide should a planting strip be? (with trees and without)

A

7’-0” with trees 4’-0” Without Trees

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9
Q

What are the straight sections in roads called?

A

Tangents

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10
Q

Describe the restriction of broken back curves, reverse curves, compound curves, and simple curves in road design.

A
  1. Broken curves - 2 curves in the same direction. Separated by a tangent no less then 200’-0 long 2. Reverse Curve - 2 curves in opposite directions should be separated by a tangent not less then 100’-0 3. Compound Curves - two curves in the same direction with different radii (this should be avoided all together) 4. Simple Curves - Where a circular arc connects tangents at each end, may employ tangents at any length. (1 curve)
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11
Q

What angle of a street intersection does it become to hard to navigate and causes sight visibility?

A

80-85 degree angle or less. Also avoid off setting streets in an intersection. Streets that are offset should be 150’ apart. min.

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12
Q

How far should intersections on major arterial roads be separated?

A

By at least 800 feet.

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13
Q

How far spaced are exits on a freeway or expressway?

A

1-1.5 miles

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14
Q

What is the max length of a cul de sac?

A

400’

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15
Q

What is the minimum turnaround at a cul de sac?

A

80’-0”

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16
Q

What is the Max depth of a loop street?

A

700’

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17
Q

What is the Max length of a block?

A

1,600 Feet

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18
Q

What is the Curb radii at a minor street intersection?

A

12’-0” minimum and 50’-0 minimum on major streets.

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19
Q

When are traffic signals employed at an intersection?

A

When traffic reached 750 vehicles per hour

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20
Q

When are grade separations warranted at an intersection?

A

When traffic volumes exceed 3,000 vehicles per hour.

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21
Q

What is the most common grade separation intersection?

A

The Cloverleaf

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22
Q

When are Diamond Intersections used?

A

Where expressways intersect secondary roads.

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23
Q

What are cartridge roads?

A

Loops in parking lots to receive and distribute cars.

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24
Q

What is a reasonable width and length of a typical parking spot?

A

8’-4” x 20’

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25
Q

What is the minimum desirable width of a one way circulation aisle?

A

12’-0”

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26
Q

What is the width of a parking area with 2 90 degree parking stalls and a two way aisle?

A

60’ for parking spaces that are 8’-0” and 64’-0” for parking spaces that are 8’-4”.

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27
Q

What is the estimated advisable square footage for one parking space?

A

400 SF

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28
Q

Name example of Parking situations for Office and shopping area

A

3,000-4,000 SF of parking for every 1,000 SF of tenant space at shopping centers. One parking space for every 350-400 SF in an office building

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29
Q

Acute Parking occupies more area because of curb length of each stall.

A

A

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30
Q

Changed in Grade levels in parking areas.

A

Ramps should not be steeper than 15% and for slopes over 10% a transition of atleast 8’-0” in length should be provided at each end.

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31
Q

A ramp driveway exit rising up to a public sidewalk must have a transition section that is nearly level. What is the max percentage?

A

5 % - This is before it intersects with the sidewalk.

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32
Q

Parking Areas should be sloped to provide proper drainage. What is the slope range?

A

1-5%

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33
Q

Spacing between facing rows of parking should contain grassy swales with vegetation.

A

A

34
Q

How many foot candles should a parking area have?

A

One-Half Foot Handle or More.

35
Q

What is the minimum width a sidewalk should be?

A

5’-0” Wide

36
Q

What is the typical width of collector walkways?

A

6-10 feet in width

37
Q

When did the government initiate the interstate highway system?

A

In the 1950’s

38
Q

In order to have a transportation system, what is the min density?

A

30 people and acre.

39
Q

What is the typical walking speed?

A

2 1/2-4 1/2 miles per hour. Max distance people are willing to walk is a 1/4 to 1/2 mile.

40
Q

What is TOD?

A

TOD is the Transit Oriented Design - Sustainable design encourages this. This approach allows the buyers of TOD property to spend less money on transit and more on their own property.

41
Q

What is provisions for handicapped refereed to as?

A

Architectural Barriers

42
Q

How much longer in length is an electrical wheelchair?

A

9”

43
Q

Min. turning radius for a wheelchair is?

A

180 degrees or 60”

44
Q

What is the max gradient for a sidewalk?

A

1:20 or 5% with a max cross gradient of 1:50 or 2%. Where an accessible walk crosses a curb, the width of the walk should be three feet minimum plus flared sides of 1:10. Example: Curb height is 6” a min curb cutout is 13 feet in length.

45
Q

What is the typical gradient of the pitch of surface blends?

A

1:12 or (8 1/3 percent.)

46
Q

Regardless of its configuration the incline of a curb ramp should not exceed 1:12 (8 1/3 percent)

A

A

47
Q

How should curb cuts be identified?

A

Curb cutouts should be identified by 1/16” yellow abrasive anti slip epoxy finish applied to the entire area of the curb cutout or by abrasive strips 1/16” thick and 2-3 inches wide. This should be applies across the curb cutout in 3” spacing. Curb cutout areas, should be painted yellow for at least 3-0”

48
Q

When should ramps be employed?

A

Where the vertical drop is greater then 1/2”. The gradient should not exceed 1:12 (8 1/3 percent) and preferably be 1:16 (6 1/4 percent)

49
Q

What is measurement should a ramp not exceed?

A

Min of 3-0 feet wide and not to exceed 30 feet in length. At each end a 5’-0” landing should be provided.

50
Q

When should handrails be placed at a ramp?

A

One each side when the rise is greater then 6” or its run is greater then 72”. A protective surface should be installed on the side where a ramp is above finished grade.

51
Q

How wide and long is the access aisle between two handicap parking spaces?

A

5’ wide and 8’ long. Handicap spaces should never be more then 200’ from the buildings entrance.

52
Q

What do service utilities include?

A

water, gas, electricity, communication systems, waste water systems, drainage systems, and flood control.

53
Q

What are some forms of transportation for service utilities?

A

conduits, pipes, channels, tunnels and ditches.

54
Q

Whose responsibility is it to plan for the underground utility installations in a streets right of way?

A

Its the responsibility of the local government.

55
Q

What utility should be the first to be considered

A

Waste Water lines - gravity. Waste water lines are centered in the main street.

56
Q

What is the average demand of water?

A

150 gallons per capita per day

57
Q

Water supplys are either installed in a branch pattern or a gridiron pattern.

A

These can be improved by installing a loop header in high density urban areas.

58
Q

What are the material used for the conduits and piping for water supply systems?

A

Cast Iron, wrought iron, steel or plastic. Where larger sizes are required they may be reinforced concrete.

59
Q

What are typical water main sizes?

A

6” in residential and 8” in high density districts. - This is determined by fire protection agencies.

60
Q

How far apart are fire hydrants places?

A

150’ in high density areas and 600’-0” in suburban areas. Public water supply is not usually justified in areas where the population density is less than 1,000 people per square mile.

61
Q

NOTE: No single break in a water main will affect more than approximately 500’ of water main.

A

A

62
Q

Water Collection Systems in urban areas are arranged in networks. Waterlines are maintained at a consistent slope.

A

Depending on the size of the line and capacity of flow. The grades are sufficient to provide velocities (no less than 2 1/2 feet per second and no more than 10 feet per second) to convey solid materials.

63
Q

What are the grades for transporting solids in a water drain?

A

1/2 - 2 percent

64
Q

Note: Drop manholes or pumplift stations are located wherever graphic conditions require.

A

A

65
Q

What is a Forced Main?

A

When Waste water is pumped over extensive horizontal distances the conduit is called a forced main.

66
Q

Where is the waste water main usually located?

A

It is a single line at the center of the street, although in high density districts there may be two lines, one on each side of the street.

67
Q

What is the material used for the waste water conduits?

A

vitrified clay, cast iron, and more recently plastic and lightweight fiberglass-reinforced mortar plastic.

68
Q

What is the diameter of a waste water line?

A

Diameters are upto 4’ wide and 20’ length.

69
Q

How is electrical power primarily generated?

A

By turbines powered by steam produced by burning coal, oil, or gas or sometimes by water power.

70
Q

Note:: Sometime power plants utilize nuclear reactors to produce the heat to transform water to steam.

A

Note: Smaller plants that use diesel driven generators are commonly found in small communities.

71
Q

How is natural gas usually transmitted?

A

Most gas is natural gas, which is carried over long distances in pressurized transmission pipes. They can be located in street right of ways or in alleys or lot easements. Regulating stations are located in various parts of a community.

72
Q

What pattern our gas lines laid out in?

A

Branching and Looped Patterns

73
Q

In Gas lines, what do the loop pattern for the piping provide?

A

They provide and alternate direction of supply in case of failures.

74
Q

What is the material for gas pipes?

A

Welded Steel, but in older pipes you may see cast iron.

75
Q

What is the primary problem with using steel as a conduit or piping under ground and how do you solve this problem?

A

Corrosion. You solve it by using Asphalt, coal, tar, and extruded and taped plastic compounds are used.

76
Q

What is a watershed?

A

An area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

77
Q

What are open gutters and ditches and underground pipes usually made of for flood control?

A

Vitrified Clay connected by manholes and fed by inlets.

78
Q

When are drainage pipes made of concrete?

A

When the diameter is greater then 42”

79
Q

How far are manholes usually spaced apart?

A

500 feet

80
Q

Drainage pipes are generally at a 0.3 slope. How much does this generate a slope speed of?

A

two feet per second. Sloped should not exceed 10 feet per second.

81
Q

What is a riprap?

A

Riprap, also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour or rubble, is rock or other material used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other shoreline structures against scour, water or ice erosion.

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