L1- Mindfulness in medicine

Question 1

why teach medical students about mindfulness

Answer 1

1) Doctor wellbeing and self-care a priority - Mindfulness seen as potential solution 2) Inform patients of alternative evidence-based treatments

Question 2

mindfulness in medical students reduction in

Answer 2

depression perceived stress burnout

Question 3

mindfulness in medical students increases in

Answer 3

empathy clinical decision making emotional intelligence

Question 4

definition of mindfulness from secular perspective

Answer 4

“the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding experience moment by moment”

Question 5

mindfulness rooted in

Answer 5

buddhism - 5-3rd century BC

Question 6

Sati is Sanskrit

Answer 6

mindfulness - remembrance or recollection

Question 7

in meditative terms mindfulness means

Answer 7

awareness

Question 8

aim of mindfulness

Answer 8

to reduce suffering

Question 9

how many pillars of mindfulness

Answer 9

7

Question 10

name the 7 pillars of mindfulness

Answer 10

• Acceptance - Patients - Non-judgement - Beginners mind - Letting go - Trust - Non-striving

Question 11

why is Leicester concentrating on mindfulness

Answer 11

• Increased stress/mental health problems in students • perceived decreased resilience • ever increasing amounts of information to process • poor communication can precipitate complaints

Question 12

burnout

Answer 12

a state of mental and physical exhaustion related to work or care-giving activities - emotional exhaustion - depersonalisation - reduced sense of personal achievement

Question 13

depressed professionals make up to

Answer 13

x6.2 as many medication errors as non depressed

Question 14

mindfulness and burnout

Answer 14

strong evidence for the use of mindfulness practice tor educe burnout among healthcare professionals and teachers

Question 15

attention deficit trait

Answer 15

Trying to deal with too much input, results in: – Black-and-white thinking; perspective and shades of grey disappear – Difficulty staying organized, setting priorities, and managing time – Feel a constant low level of panic and guilt

Question 16

multitasking is an

Answer 16

illusion - Reality is that we are switching back and forth between tasks

Question 17

mobile phones reduce

Answer 17

connectedness- reusing cognitive capacity

Question 18

ruminators

Answer 18

prolong low mood AND have reduced problem solving ability

Question 19

allostatic load

Answer 19

Prolonged stress leads to wear-and-tear on the body

Question 20

allostatic load causes

Answer 20

Impaired immunity, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, bone demineralization

Question 21

growth of amygdala

Answer 21

mediates fear response

Question 22

stress and telomere shortening

Answer 22

psychological stress associated with lower telomerase activity - leading to shorter telomere length - shorter lives

Question 23

define flow

Answer 23

“…a psychological state that can occur when challenges and skills in a situation are both high.”

Question 24

HEP is based on the

Answer 24

ESSENCE model

Question 25

ESSENCE of health is based on the

Answer 25

7 pillars of health

Question 26

ESSENCE stands for

Answer 26

• Education • Stress management (underpins all others) • Spirituality • Exercise • Nutrition • Connectedness • Environment

Question 27

Cycle of change is by

Answer 27

Prochaska and DiClemente

Question 28

how many stages in the cycle of change

Answer 28

6

Question 29

what are the stages of the cycle of behaviour change

Answer 29

1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenace
6. Relapse

Question 30

In the contemplation stage

Answer 30

the person has identified that there is a problem but not yet decided to make any effort to change. Here there may be a mental “turning point” where you recognise the problem, but nothing changes yet.

Question 31

In the preparation stage

Answer 31

the person resolves to change their behaviour and decides on a plan of action. This requires the person to see that their behaviour was unhelpful and believe in their ability to change.

Question 32

In the action stage

Answer 32

they begin to use the tools at their disposal to make gradual changes to their behaviour. Step by step, day by day, new habits are formed and old ways are replaced.

Question 33

During the maintenance stage

Answer 33

the person keep up the progress they have made, and new behaviours start to permanently replace the old way of acting.

maintenance stage can last for a long time, even months or years, but at some point the person may enter the relapse stage by temporarily falling back into their old habits. From there the cycle repeats.

Question 34

motivational interviewing

Answer 34

“Motivational interviewing is a directive, client- centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence.”

Question 35

5 principles of motivational interviewing

Answer 35

1. Express empathy through reflective listening.
2. Develop discrepancy between clients’ goals or values and their current behavior.
3. Avoid argument and direct confrontation.
4. Adjust to client resistance rather than opposing it directly.
5. Support self-efficacy and optimism.

Question 36

SMART goals stands for

Answer 36

– Specific
– Measurable
– Attractive/appropriate
– Realistic
– Timely