L1- Mindfulness in medicine Flashcards
why teach medical students about mindfulness
1) Doctor wellbeing and self-care a priority - Mindfulness seen as potential solution 2) Inform patients of alternative evidence-based treatments
mindfulness in medical students reduction in
depression perceived stress burnout
mindfulness in medical students increases in
empathy clinical decision making emotional intelligence
definition of mindfulness from secular perspective
“the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding experience moment by moment”
mindfulness rooted in
buddhism - 5-3rd century BC
Sati is Sanskrit
mindfulness - remembrance or recollection
in meditative terms mindfulness means
awareness
aim of mindfulness
to reduce suffering
how many pillars of mindfulness
7
name the 7 pillars of mindfulness
- Acceptance - Patients - Non-judgement - Beginners mind - Letting go - Trust - Non-striving
why is Leicester concentrating on mindfulness
• Increased stress/mental health problems in students • perceived decreased resilience • ever increasing amounts of information to process • poor communication can precipitate complaints
burnout
a state of mental and physical exhaustion related to work or care-giving activities - emotional exhaustion - depersonalisation - reduced sense of personal achievement
depressed professionals make up to
x6.2 as many medication errors as non depressed
mindfulness and burnout
strong evidence for the use of mindfulness practice tor educe burnout among healthcare professionals and teachers
attention deficit trait
Trying to deal with too much input, results in: – Black-and-white thinking; perspective and shades of grey disappear – Difficulty staying organized, setting priorities, and managing time – Feel a constant low level of panic and guilt
multitasking is an
illusion - Reality is that we are switching back and forth between tasks
mobile phones reduce
connectedness- reusing cognitive capacity
ruminators
prolong low mood AND have reduced problem solving ability
allostatic load
Prolonged stress leads to wear-and-tear on the body
allostatic load causes
Impaired immunity, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, bone demineralization
growth of amygdala
mediates fear response
stress and telomere shortening
psychological stress associated with lower telomerase activity - leading to shorter telomere length - shorter lives
define flow
“…a psychological state that can occur when challenges and skills in a situation are both high.”
HEP is based on the
ESSENCE model
ESSENCE of health is based on the
7 pillars of health
ESSENCE stands for
• Education • Stress management (underpins all others) • Spirituality • Exercise • Nutrition • Connectedness • Environment
Cycle of change is by
Prochaska and DiClemente
how many stages in the cycle of change
6
what are the stages of the cycle of behaviour change
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenace
- Relapse
In the contemplation stage
the person has identified that there is a problem but not yet decided to make any effort to change. Here there may be a mental “turning point” where you recognise the problem, but nothing changes yet.
In the preparation stage
the person resolves to change their behaviour and decides on a plan of action. This requires the person to see that their behaviour was unhelpful and believe in their ability to change.
In the action stage
they begin to use the tools at their disposal to make gradual changes to their behaviour. Step by step, day by day, new habits are formed and old ways are replaced.
During the maintenance stage
the person keep up the progress they have made, and new behaviours start to permanently replace the old way of acting.
maintenance stage can last for a long time, even months or years, but at some point the person may enter the relapse stage by temporarily falling back into their old habits. From there the cycle repeats.
motivational interviewing
“Motivational interviewing is a directive, client- centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence.”
5 principles of motivational interviewing
- Express empathy through reflective listening.
- Develop discrepancy between clients’ goals or values and their current behavior.
- Avoid argument and direct confrontation.
- Adjust to client resistance rather than opposing it directly.
- Support self-efficacy and optimism.
SMART goals stands for
– Specific
– Measurable
– Attractive/appropriate
– Realistic
– Timely
