L1 mental history

Question 1

Hippocrates Model: priHippocrates Model: prior to body dissection. or to body dissection.

Answer 1

ancient greek humeral theory

- phlegm, black bile, blood, yellow bile

Question 2

how late 1800 treat depression

Answer 2

alcohol + cocaine

Question 3

how cannabis used in history

Answer 3

anxiety and as a hypnotic since ancient time

Question 4

how opium used in history

Answer 4

melancholy and anxiety since ancient greek

Question 5

modern day health definition

Answer 5

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” - WHO

Question 6

define mental health WHO

Answer 6

mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO,2014)

Question 7

define mental illness

Answer 7

a clinically recognizable set of symptoms or behaviors associated in most cases with distress and interference with personal functions (ICD 10).

Question 8

dualism

Answer 8

• Engel criticized the dualistic nature of the biomedical model, with its separation of body and mind.
  › Especiallythetendencyto emphasise the body as more “real” and therefore more ‘worthy’.

Question 9

reductionism

Answer 9

Engel criticised an overly reductionistic orientation of medical thinking that suggested anything that could not be objectively verified at the level of cellular and molecular processes was ignored or devalued.

Question 10

objectvitity

Answer 10

Engel criticised the lack of consideration given to the influence of the assessor on the assessed.
› Engel believed we can’t understand a system from the inside without disturbing the system in some way. In that way.
› Engel provided a rationale for including the human dimension of the physician and the patient as a legitimate focus for scientific study.

Question 11

Engel Bio-Psycho-Social Framework

Answer 11

Underpinned by the idea that:
- What influences health and illness include
biological, psychological & social aspects
- The course & clinical pathways of health, illness & recovery include biological, psychological & social phenomena
- Health is a dynamic state that fluctuates as an individual adapts to changes in his/her environment.
- “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”