L1 Mechanism and etiology of cough

Question 1

What are the innervation of the airways ?

Answer 1

FROM THE BRAIN : ( mainly vagus )
* vagus ( sensory) ….. all will end up in the nucleus tractus solitarus in the brain
A. C-fibers —

Question 2

Where you can find cough receptors ?

Answer 2

You can find it throughout the airways, however it is concentrated in :

1. Larynx
2. Carina ( bifurcation of the trachea )
3. Bifurcation of large bronchi

Question 3

What are the main cough receptors ? Where are they ? What they respond to ?

Answer 3

1. RAR and SAR
   - found beneath the epithelium
   - respond to mechanical deformity ( also low pH)
2. Nociceptive C and Delta
   - found in between the epithelium
   - respond to the damage of epithelium ( chemical or other )

Question 4

What is the difference between the two types of classic cough ?

Answer 4

They have different cell infiltration, which will produce different mediators and sensitizing different cough receptors —

Question 5

What is the main issue with neuropathy ( hyper-responsiveness) ?

Answer 5

The issue is Transient receptor potential channel up regulation

Question 6

Which TRPs stimulate and which inhibit cough ?

Answer 6

STIMULATE :

• TRP-A1
• TRP-V1
• TRP-V4

INHIBIT :
*TRP-M8

Question 7

Which TRPs will be activated by low pH ?

Answer 7

• TRP-V4

* TRP-A1

Question 8

At which temperature does each TRP works ?

Answer 8

*TRP-A1 —